Real-time PCR output from masked validation of pan-species and speciation assays using artificial test samples. Panel A shows the output of real-time PCR testing with 5 artificial test pools (pools A to E) in the pan-species assay. Each pool contained 2 μl of DNA from 10 samples. Pool A contained a total of 1.111 ng/μl, divided among 4 samples, and pool B contained 1 ng/μl of DNA in a single sample. Pools C, D, and E contained DNA at total concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 ng/μl, respectively. Panel B shows the output observed for the speciation real-time PCR assay when tested on a sample with 0.01 ng/μl of P. falciparum plasmid (Pf), 0.000001 ng/μl of P. ovale plasmid (Po), and 2.5 ng/μl of human DNA (Hu). Delta Rn, fluorescent signal generated relative to background fluorescence.