Figure 4. Increased level of 4‑HNE-protein adducts in C. elegans treated with 4‑HNE.

Synchronized L4 worms were kept in liquid culture for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM 4‑HNE. The medium was replaced every 12 hr with fresh medium containing 4‑HNE. The level of 4‑HNE-protein adducts was determined in 5-day-old worms by competitive ELISA [93]. The values shown are means ± S.D. of 4 biological replicates (independently grown batches of worms) per group.