Figure 8.

Effects of gadolinium ions on alignment of epidermal cell files in hypocotyls of Arabidopsis tubulin mutants. Arabidopsis seedlings were grown at 1g or 300g in the presence (Gd³⁺) or absence (buffer) of 30 μm gadolinium chloride for 72 h at 25°C. A, The outer surface of cells 10 to 12 was observed as in Figure 3. The bar denotes 100 μm. B, The angle of epidermal cell files was measured as in Figure 4. Values are means ± se (n = 20). WT, Wild type.