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. 2003 Nov;133(3):1091–1101. doi: 10.1104/pp.103.026997

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Phenotypic analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing LMADS3. A, A 7-d-old 35S::LMADS3 Arabidopsis plant grown on Murashige and Skoog agar medium produced oval-shaped cotyledon (c) and small curled rosette leaves (cr). B, A 7-d-old emf2–3 Arabidopsis mutant plant grown on Murashige and Skoog agar medium produced oval-shaped cotyledon (c) and small curled rosette leaves (cr) similar to 35S::LMADS3 Arabidopsis plant in (A). C, A 7-d-old wild-type Arabidopsis plant grown on Murashige and Skoog agar medium produced round-shaped cotyledon (c) and expanded rosette leaves (r). D, A 15-d-old 35S::LMADS3 Arabidopsis plant grown on Murashige and Skoog agar medium flowered significantly early by producing only three small curled rosette leaves (cr) and two small curled cauline leaves (cc) on the inflorescence. This plant was only 1 cm tall during this stage. E, A 15-d-old wild-type Arabidopsis plant grown on Murashige and Skoog agar medium did not flower and only produced round rosette leaves (r), which were distinct from curled rosette leaves of a 35S::LMADS3 Arabidopsis plant in D. F, Terminal flower consisting of three flowers was produced in a 35S::LMADS3 plant. Three carpels (cp) were observed in this terminal flower. G, Terminal flower (right) produced at the end of the inflorescence in a 35S::LMADS3 plant. Two carpels (cp) were observed in this terminal flower, and the flower organs were phenotypically normal in this terminal flower. A single normal flower (left) was also observed. H, A 35S::LMADS3 ft-1 transgenic plant produced only numerous small rosette leaves. I, A 35S::LMADS3 ft-1 transgenic plant produced elongated inflorescence with only leaf-like structures. J, A 35-d-old ft-1 mutant (left) did not bolt and produced rosette leaves only. In the same stage, a wild-type Columbia plant (right) has already flowered by producing about 10 rosette leaves. K, A 45-d-old ft-1 mutant flowered later and produced more rosette and cauline leaves than wild-type plant. L, Only leaves were produced in the primary and secondary (arrowed) inflorescences of a 35S::LMADS3 fwa-1 transgenic plant. M, A leaf-like flower produced in a 35S::LMADS3 fwa-1 transgenic plant. In this flower, petals were absent and sepals were converted into leaves. Stamen-like (sl) and carpel-like (cl) structures were observed. N, A cluster of leaf-like flower produced at the inflorescence apex of a 35S::LMADS3 ft-1 transgenic plant. Carpel-like (cl) structures were observed. O, A cluster of flower buds produced at the inflorescence apex of an ft-1 mutant. These flower buds are indistinguishable from that observed in wild-type plants.