Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| Item | Group 1 (n = 81) | Group 2 (n = 103) | Group 3 (n = 303) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recruited in primary care (n, %) | 73 | 90% | 90 | 87% | 263 | 87% | 0.490 |
| Female gender (n, %) | 71 | 88% | 83 | 81% | 239 | 79% | 0.093 |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 43.1 | ±9.4 | 42.2 | ±10.9 | 43.9 | ±11.5 | 0.471 |
| Education [27] (n, %) | 0.679 | ||||||
| Low (level 1) | 5 | 7% | 13 | 16% | 42 | 18% | |
| Intermediate (level 2) | 45 | 63% | 45 | 54% | 105 | 44% | |
| High (level 3) | 21 | 30% | 25 | 30% | 92 | 38% | |
| Living in former German Democratic Republic | 17/81 | 21% | 12/103 | 12% | 53/303 | 18% | 0.827 |
| Engagement in economic activity | 46 | 57% | 56 | 54% | 161 | 53% | 0.560 |
| Net family income < 900 € per month (n, %) | 11/65 | 17% | 12/89 | 13% | 36/255 | 14% | 0.653 |
| Main disorder (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision: n, %) | <0.001a | ||||||
| C00-D48 Neoplasms | 0 | 0% | 7 | 7% | 18 | 6% | |
| E00-E90 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 0 | 0% | 5 | 5% | 10 | 3% | |
| F00-F99 Mental and behavioural disorders | 81 | 100% | 11 | 11% | 66 | 22% | |
| G00-G99 Diseases of the nervous system | 0 | 0% | 13 | 13% | 23 | 8% | |
| J00-J99 Diseases of the respiratory system | 0 | 0% | 4 | 4% | 25 | 8% | |
| K00-K93 Diseases of the digestive system | 0 | 0% | 6 | 6% | 12 | 4% | |
| L00-L99 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 0 | 0% | 6 | 6% | 14 | 5% | |
| M00-M99 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 0 | 0% | 29 | 28% | 80 | 26% | |
| N00-N99 Diseases of the genitourinary system | 0 | 0% | 5 | 5% | 21 | 7% | |
| Other diagnosis chapters (<3% in all groups, respectively) | 0 | 0% | 18 | 17% | 34 | 11% | |
| Main or comorbid disorder | |||||||
| F30-F39 Affective disorders | 81 | 100% | 26 | 25% | 61 | 20% | <0.001 |
| F00-F99 Mental and behavioural disorders | 81 | 100% | 47 | 46% | 111 | 37% | <0.001 |
| Disease duration, years (median, interquartile range) | 5.0 | 2.3–10.0 | 6.0 | 2.0–19.0 | 5.0 | 1.5–10.0 | 0.134 |
| Disease severity (0–10, mean ± SD) | 6.9 | ±1.4 | 6.8 | ±1.7 | 6.3 | ±1.8 | 0.003 |
| Chronic Disease Score (0–17, mean ± SD) | 0.51 | ±0.90 | 0.66 | ±1.49 | 0.60 | ±1.33 | 0.517 |
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, German version (0–60, mean ± SD) | 34.4 | ±8.0 | 31.4 | ±6.6 | 13.7 | ±5.9 | <0.001 |
| SF-36 Physical Component summary (mean ± SD) | 44.6 | ±9.7 | 40.9 | ±10.8 | 43.6 | ±10.8 | 0.026 |
| SF-36 Health Change (1: “much better now than one year ago”; 5: “much worse now than one year ago”) | 3.44 | ±1.04 | 3.53 | ±1.04 | 2.97 | ±1.06 | <0.001 |
aFisher–Freeman–Halton Test