Table 3.
Health resource use and productivity loss. Values are mean ± standard deviation
| Item | Pre-study year | 0–12 Months | 12–24 Months | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | P-value | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p-Value | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | P-value | |
| Anthroposophic therapy sessions | 2.7 ± 8.1 | 0.6 ± 2.1 | 1.3 ± 4.7 | 0.338 | 18.5 ± 17.9 | 12.2 ± 11.4 | 12.3 ± 10.9 | 0.002 | 5.6 ± 9.8 | 4.7 ± 8.5 | 6.2 ± 11.2 | 0.818 |
| Anthroposophic medication, daily doses | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.137 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.548 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.106 |
| Other medication, daily doses | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.001 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.394 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.451 |
| Physician and dentist visits | 24.9 ± 21.4 | 24.5 ± 28.7 | 17.2 ± 16.2 | <0.001 | 24.7 ± 18.0 | 23.3 ± 20.6 | 18.5 ± 15.6 | 0.001 | 22.7 ± 20.6 | 21.5 ± 21.2 | 19.3 ± 53.0 | 0.003 |
| Diagnostic investigations | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 0.254 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 2.6 | 1.1 ± 2.2 | 0.769 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 2.1 | 0.9 ± 1.7 | 0.052 |
| Psychotherapy sessions | 7.0 ± 11.7 | 8.9 ± 23.2 | 2.1 ± 9.0 | <0.001 | 11.5 ± 23.8 | 5.8 ± 12.8 | 2.7 ± 8.6 | <0.001 | 11.0 ± 26.0 | 5.5 ± 13.3 | 3.5 ± 12.6 | <0.001 |
| Physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions | 7.7 ± 12.8 | 13.6 ± 34.2 | 9.4 ± 17.8 | 0.626 | 6.9 ± 14.8 | 16.4 ± 45.9 | 8.9 ± 16.9 | 0.074 | 6.1 ± 11.8 | 18.2 ± 47.0 | 9.0 ± 19.6 | 0.035 |
| Hospital days | 10.4 ± 30.7 | 3.3 ± 12.2 | 4.0 ± 13.3 | 0.233 | 7.9 ± 38.5 | 2.0 ± 5.6 | 2.3 ± 10.1 | 0.212 | 3.4 ± 15.6 | 2.6 ± 11.8 | 2.7 ± 12.1 | 0.864 |
| Rehabilitation days | 4.5 ± 12.0 | 2.9 ± 9.5 | 1.9 ± 8.6 | 0.075 | 1.2 ± 5.4 | 1.4 ± 6.5 | 1.9 ± 7.7 | 0.806 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 6.0 | 1.4 ± 7.0 | 0.139 |
| Sick-leave daysa (all days) | 44.2 ± 85.8 | 37.0 ± 68.7 | 22.3 ± 54.3 | 0.442 | 30.6 ± 58.3 | 37.7 ± 78.0 | 20.0 ± 55.0 | 0.746 | 31.2 ± 67.0 | 27.3 ± 74.1 | 27.9 ± 70.6 | 0.286 |
| Sick-leave daysa (day 1–42) | 14.9 ± 18.3 | 15.1 ± 16.8 | 12.6 ± 15.1 | 0.535 | 13.5 ± 18.0 | 13.8 ± 16.8 | 10.3 ± 14.1 | 0.800 | 14.1 ± 16.0 | 10.4 ± 15.3 | 12.1 ± 15.3 | 0.306 |
| Sick-leave daysa (day 43+) | 29.2 ± 73.5 | 21.9 ± 59.7 | 9.8 ± 46.4 | 0.043 | 17.2 ± 45.6 | 23.8 ± 66.6 | 9.6 ± 47.0 | 0.044 | 17.1 ± 57.1 | 16.9 ± 64.5 | 15.8 ± 61.7 | 0.925 |
| Early retirement (n, cumulative) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 11 | |||
| Deaths (n, cumulative) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |||
aEconomically active patients