Figure 1. Three natural hybrid zones between parapatric populations of different Heliconius species.

Only a subset of the phenotypic diversity and geographical distribution of the erato, melpomene, and cydno clades is represented. Müllerian mimicry is here illustrated by the convergence in wing patterns of H. melpomene and H. erato on both sides of the Peruvian Andes (yellow and red). H. pachinus and H. cydno are sister species that occasionally hybridize.