Table 5. Markers independently associated with African American ethnicity; multivariable regression analyses.
| Women, n = 1638 | Men, n = 923 | |||
| Protein marker | β±SE | P | β±SE | P |
| CRP, mg/L | 0.15±0.06 | 0.0167 | 0.22±0.08 | 0.0048 |
| ICAM, ng/mL | −0.07±0.02 | 0.0011 | −0.10±0.02 | <.0001 |
| VCAM, ng/mL | −0.19±0.02 | <.0001 | −0.22±0.03 | <.0001 |
| IL-18, pg/mL | −0.17±0.04 | <.0001 | −0.19±0.05 | 0.0001 |
| TNFRI, pg/mL | −0.12±0.03 | 0.0003 | −0.17±0.04 | <.0001 |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | 0.15±0.02 | <.0001 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.0574 |
| P-selectin, ng/mL | 0.08±0.03 | 0.0068 | −0.01±0.04 | 0.8340 |
| Hsp27, ng/mL | 0.17±0.06 | 0.0056 | 0.32±0.08 | 0.0001 |
| MPO, ng/mL | 0.30±0.05 | <.0001 | 0.32±0.06 | <.0001 |
| RAGE, pg/mL | −0.28±0.04 | <.0001 | −0.42±0.05 | <.0001 |
| MMP-2, ng/mL | 0.06±0.03 | 0.0134 | 0.03±0.03 | 0.3286 |
| MMP-9, ng/mL | −0.16±0.04 | <.0001 | −0.16±0.05 | 0.0005 |
| TIMP-1, ng/mL | −0.16±0.02 | <.0001 | −0.22±0.03 | <.0001 |
| TIMP-2, ng/mL | 0.05±0.02 | 0.0155 | 0.01±0.02 | 0.7831 |
| ApoB, mg/dL | −0.05±0.02 | 0.0024 | −0.08±0.02 | 0.0006 |
| ApoC-III, mg/dL | −0.17±0.02 | <.0001 | −0.15±0.03 | <.0001 |
| LDL size, nm | −0.01±0.001 | <.0001 | −0.01±0.002 | <.0001 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 1.08±0.08 | <.0001 | 1.08±0.10 | <.0001 |
| Lp-PLA2 mass, ng/mL | −0.18±0.02 | <.0001 | −0.20±0.03 | <.0001 |
| Lp-PLA2 activity, mol/min/mL | −0.09±0.02 | <.0001 | −0.14±0.02 | <.0001 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | 0.28±0.03 | <.0001 | 0.15±0.05 | 0.0014 |
| Adiponectin, µg/mL | −0.29±0.03 | <.0001 | −0.34±0.04 | <.0001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | −0.45±0.04 | <.0001 | −0.29±0.05 | <.0001 |
| MR-proANP, pmol/L | −0.08±0.03 | 0.0120 | −0.09±0.05 | 0.0513 |
| CT-proAVP, pmol/L | 0.47±0.04 | <.0001 | 0.49±0.05 | <.0001 |
| MR-proADM, nmol/L | −0.03±0.02 | 0.2273 | −0.08±0.02 | 0.0011 |
| CT-proET, pmol/L | 0.09±0.03 | 0.0017 | 0.10±0.03 | 0.0010 |
| OPN, pg/mL | 0.27±0.05 | <.0001 | 0.12±0.06 | 0.0369 |
| OPG, pg/mL | 0.15±0.02 | <.0001 | 0.15±0.03 | <.0001 |
| OCN, pg/mL | 0.22±0.03 | <.0001 | 0.07±0.04 | 0.1056 |
| Factor II, % activity | 0.06±0.01 | <.0001 | 0.09±0.02 | <.0001 |
| Factor V, % activity | 0.07±0.02 | <.0001 | 0.08±0.02 | 0.0002 |
| Factor VIII, % activity | 0.12±0.02 | <.0001 | 0.13±0.03 | <.0001 |
| vWF, IU/dL | 0.18±0.03 | <.0001 | 0.18±0.04 | <.0001 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 0.18±0.04 | <.0001 | 0.11±0.05 | 0.0440 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 0.15±0.02 | <.0001 | 0.09±0.02 | <.0001 |
Protein marker levels were natural log-transformed, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, total and HDL cholesterol, eGFR, systolic blood pressure, medication use (aspirin, estrogen, statin), alcohol, physical activity, education; no total and HDL cholesterol adjustment was done for ApoA-I, ApoB, ApoC-III, and ApoE.