Table 2.
Details of included studies
| Study | Year | Imaging | Male/female | Mean age (years) | Incidence of scaphoid fracture | Reference test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rolfe et al. [43] | 1981 | BS | NR | 23 | 9% | Followup radiographs |
| Nielsen et al. [39] | 1983 | BS | 61/39* | 33 | 11% | 2 months’ followup radiographs and clinical examination |
| Stordahl et al. [47] | 1984 | BS | 18/12† | 31 | 32% | 6 weeks’ followup radiographs |
| Wilson et al. [54] | 1986 | BS | NR | NR | 5% | Day 10 radiographs |
| Brismar [10] | 1988 | BS | 117/70 | NR | 11% | Repeat radiographs |
| Tiel-van Buul et al. [50] | 1993 | BS | NR | NR | 17% | 6 weeks’ followup radiographs |
| Waizenegger et al. [52] | 1994 | BS | NR | NR | 8% | Followup of 6–12 months |
| Murphy et al. [37] | 1995 | BS | 55/44* | 36 | 13% | Day 14 radiographs or bone scan |
| Thorpe et al. [48] | 1996 | BS MRI | 20/38* | 22 | 7% | 6 weeks’ followup radiographs and clinical examination |
| Breitenseher et al. [7] | 1997 | MRI | 23/19 | 30.5 | 33% | 6 weeks’ followup radiographs |
| Hunter et al. [27] | 1997 | MRI | 28/8 | 26 | 33% | 2 weeks’ followup radiographs and clinical examination |
| Fowler et al. [19] | 1998 | BS MRI | 21/22 | 32 | 14% | Combined images or followup of at least 1 year |
| Kitsis et al. [30] | 1998 | BS MRI | 9/13 | 34 | 14% | 8 weeks’ followup radiographs and clinical examination |
| Bretlau et al. [9] | 1999 | MRI | 27/25‡ | 44 | 16% | 8–14 weeks’ followup radiographs |
| Gäbler et al. [21] | 2001 | MRI | 77/44 | 30 | 23% | Followup of 6 weeks |
| Hauger et al. [25] | 2002 | US | 35/19 | 26 | 9% | 10–14 days’ images and clinical signs |
| Akdemir et al. [2] | 2004 | BS | 18/14 | 31 | 25% | Followup of 2 and 12 months with clinical signs and radiographs |
| Breederveld and Tuinebreijer [6] | 2004 | BS CT | NR | NR | 31% | Followup of 6 weeks or 14 months |
| Senall et al. [44] | 2004 | US | NR | 35 | 50% | ≥ 8 weeks’ followup radiographs |
| Groves et al. [23] | 2005 | BS CT | 17/34 | 40.2 | 12% | 6 weeks’ followup radiographs and MRI |
| Kumar et al. [32] | 2005 | MRI | 17/5 | 27 | 27% | Day 10 radiographs or MRI |
| Memarsadeghi et al. [34] | 2006 | MRI CT | 17/12 | 34 | 38% | 6 weeks’ followup radiographs |
| Cruickshank et al. [14] | 2007 | CT | 26/21 | NR | 15% | Day 10–14 radiographs or MRI |
| You et al. [55] | 2007 | CT | NR | NR | 20% | Clinical and image followup |
| Beeres et al. [4] | 2008 | BS MRI | 50/50 | 42 | 20% | Combined images or clinical and radiographic examinations |
| Ty et al. [51] | 2008 | CT | 12/8 | 40 | 20% | ≥ 6 weeks’ followup radiographs |
* One patient had bilateral injuries; †two patients were excluded because scaphoid fractures were already evident on review of the initial radiographs; ‡five of the 52 patients were excluded owing to technical problems with the MRI; two of the 47 enrolled patients had lost followup radiographs; NR = not reported; BS = bone scintigraphy; US = ultrasound.