Table 1.

Types of courageous actions reported by the children (Sample 1)

Type of action	Sample narrative	n (%)
1. Performing physically risky action	Making a somersault from the diving board	24 (14.3)
2. Preventing injury of another person	Rescuing my little brother who fell in the swimming pool	20 (11.9)
3. Dealing with a feared animal	A dog was following me but I stayed calm and just walked on	15 (8.9)
4. Enduring pain or physical discomfort	My shoulder twisted out of socket and had to be placed back	12 (7.1)
5. Helping or saving a pet	I saved a cat from a tree	11 (6.5)
6. Dealing with a scary person	A homeless person came up to me. I did not walk away but said to him that I had no money	10 (6.0)
Doing scary things in the dark	I biked home through the dark wood at night	10 (6.0)
7. Helping another person	My mother was sick and I went shopping for her in the mall	9 (5.4)
Standing up to others	I told the referee that he was unfair to my football team	9 (5.4)
8. Going in a roller coaster	In an amusement park, I went in ‘the Python’ and made several loopings	7 (4.2)
Helping another person being assaulted	My friend was beaten up by a boy and I pushed the bully away	7 (4.2)
9. Dealing with dangerous environment	I crossed the river by walking on a wobbly dam	6 (3.6)
10. Engaging in unacceptable behavior	I stole money from my mother’s purse	3 (1.8)
Performing a courageous action during sports	I was goalkeeper during football and saved a very hard shot	3 (1.8)
Performing a disgusting action	I cleaned up my brother’s vomit	3 (1.8)
11. Performing in public	I had to do an audition for a musical	2 (1.2)
Performing a difficult task	I removed a virus from my computer	2 (1.2)

Note. Percentages are calculated on basis of the total sample (N = 168). Some children reported more than 1 courageous action