Table 1.
Results from a conventional MANOVA and Monte Carlo simulations to test for significant niche differences between herbaceous and woody species relative to those expected based on stochastic BM evolution. The critical value is the 95th percentile obtained from a distribution of 1000 Monte Carlo simulated Wilks's λ-statistics assuming a gradual model of BM evolution. p-values from Monte Carlo simulations are the proportion of simulated Wilks's λ that are greater than the observed test statistic obtained from a conventional MANOVA. Italics indicate p < 0.05.
| clade | Wilks' λ | F-ratio | Monte Carlo p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dipscales | |||
| growth form | 0.963 | 5.46 | 0.932 |
| Apiales | |||
| growth form | 0.621 | 269.80 | 0.090 |
| Moraceae + Urticaceae | |||
| growth form | 0.850 | 30.70 | 0.740 |
| Primulales | |||
| growth form | 0.598 | 100.20 | 0.005 |
| commelinids | |||
| growth form | 0.836 | 312.00 | 0.337 |