Figure 3.

Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMS) ordination of the insect damage on the bulk floras. The 14 sites were ordinated in NMS using a matrix of the percentage of leaves at each site with each FFG; FFGs were also ordinated based on their occurrences at the sites, and they are plotted on the same axis. Castle Rock and Lur'd leaves are not included in the analysis because their extremely low damage frequencies turn NMS axis 1 into a measure of damage frequency, thus limiting comparisons among sites based on damage composition. Dark grey triangle, Eocene site; dark grey diamond, late–late Palaeocene site; light grey diamond, early–late Palaeocene site; white square, Cretaceous site; black circle, FFG. For abbreviations of sites and FFGs, see the electronic supplementary material.