Table 1.

Parameter ranges used in the model simulations. The exact parameter values of each individual simulation presented in the figures are given in the electronic supplementary material, appendix S3.

symbol	interpretation	range	units
ri	maximum specific growth rate of phytoplankton	0.2–2	d−1
αij	competition coefficient among phytoplankton species i and j	0.5–1.5	—
gk	maximum grazing rate of zooplankton	0.4	d−1
Sik	selectivity coefficient of zooplankton	0–1	—
Hk	half-saturation constant of zooplankton	0.9–1.5	mg l−1
ek	assimilation efficiency of consumed phytoplankton	0.6–0.9	—
mk	mortality rate of zooplankton	0.1–0.2	d−1
u	immigration rate	10−7	mg l−1 d−1
K	carrying capacity of phytoplankton	2–50	mg l−1
a	amplitude of seasonal forcing	0–1	—