Table 3.
Effect of predator category, kinship and danger posed by predator on the number of calls given towards perched hawk and owl mounts as well as contrasts for predator-specific calls. Multinomial model (type III tests). Group identity, year and order of exposure were entered as random variables into the model.
| effect | Num DF | Den DF | F-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| call type | 7 | 667 | 9.85 | <0.0001 | |
| predator category | 1 | 667 | 0.00 | 0.97 | |
| kinship | 1 | 667 | 16.29 | <0.0001 | |
| risk posed by predator | 2 | 667 | 24.06 | <0.0001 | |
| call type × predator category | 7 | 667 | 11.75 | <0.0001 | |
| kinship × danger | 2 | 667 | 3.41 | 0.03 | |
| contrasts for call type × predator category | |||||
| perched hawk call | 1 | 667 | 41.85 | <0.0001 | hawk > owl |
| ki-ki call | 1 | 667 | 0.00 | 0.97 | |
| long croak | 1 | 667 | 25.20 | <0.0001 | owl > hawk |
| short croak | 1 | 667 | 14.94 | 0.0001 | owl > hawk |
| gargle | 1 | 667 | 5.97 | 0.01 | owl > hawk |
| mew | 1 | 667 | 0.26 | 0.61 | |
| mew-a | 1 | 667 | 0.09 | 0.76 | |
| siren call | 1 | 667 | 1.77 | 0.18 | |