Table 1.

Types of autophagy and related processes in eukaryotes. Cvt, cytoplasm-to-vacuole-targeting; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PMN, piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus. Processes in bold are described in the text. For an overview of all types of autophagy, see Klionsky et al. (2007).

process	selective	direct involvement of Atg proteins
aggrephagy	yes	yes
chaperone-mediated autophagy	yes	no
crinophagy	yes	no
Cvt pathway	yes	yes
ER-phagy	yes	yes
heterophagy (endocytosis)	no/yes	no
macroautophagy	no	yes
macropexophagy	yes	yes
microautophagy	no	no
micropexophagy	yes	yes
mitophagy	yes	yes
PMN	yes	yes
ribophagy	yes	yes
vid pathway	yes	no
xenophagy	yes	yes