Table 2.

Sexual and regional differences in skull measurements for male = M and female = F coyotes. (Mean sexual differences (MSD) are calculated as male/female and the number of specimens measured from each group is in parenthesis. Mean values (mm): length upper carnassial (LP4), width upper second molar (WM2), alveolar length of maxillary toothrow (ALM), maximum (MXP) and minimum (MNP) palate width, greatest length skull (GLS), zygomatic width (ZW), height jugal (HJ), height from the base of the first upper molar to the orbit (M1O), width postorbital processes (WPOP), height coronoid process (HCP), width anterior portion of the ramus (WAR), width mandible at carnassial (WMm1), height mandible at carnassial (HMm1). Significance of an ANOVA using Tukey's HSD post hoc test: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, p > 0.05 = n.s.)

measurement	sexual dimorphism									regional comparisons
	northeastern			Ohio			western			northeastern versus Ohio		northeastern versus western
	M (88)	F (66)	MSD	M (13)	F (8)	MSD	M (10)	F (11)	MSD	M	F	M	F
LP4	20.9	19.9	1.05**	20.5	19.8	1.04	20.1	19.6	1.03	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
WM2	12.3	11.7	1.05**	11.6	12.1	0.96	11.9	11.3	1.05	*	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
ALM	72.5	70.0	1.04**	73.5	70.7	1.04*	71.5	70.2	1.02	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
MXP	61.3	58.1	1.06**	59.8	57.6	1.04	54.5	53.6	1.02	n.s.	n.s.	**	**
MNP	22.7	21.4	1.06**	22.1	21.7	1.02	19.7	19.5	1.01	n.s.	n.s.	**	**
GSL	201.6	192.8	1.05**	201.5	195.4	1.03*	194.4	189.6	1.03	n.s.	n.s.	*	n.s.
ZW	106.8	101.8	1.05**	101.7	97.9	1.04*	98.2	95.4	1.03	**	*	**	**
HJ	14.1	13.2	1.07**	13.6	12.9	1.05	12.1	12.4	0.98	n.s.	n.s.	**	n.s.
M1O	28.2	26.8	1.05**	27.4	25.8	1.06	25.8	25.2	1.02	n.s.	n.s.	**	*
WPOP	50.1	47.8	1.05**	47.1	45.6	1.03	45.1	44.5	1.01	*	n.s.	**	**
HCP	55.3	52.2	1.06**	53.5	52.6	1.02	50.8	49.9	1.02	n.s.	n.s.	**	*
WAR	9.1	8.7	1.05**	8.4	8.0	1.05	7.9	8.0	0.99	*	*	**	*
WMm1	10.2	9.6	1.06**	10.1	9.2	1.10*	9.2	9.1	1.01	n.s.	n.s.	**	n.s.
HMm1	23.1	21.8	1.06**	21.9	21.5	1.02	20.7	20.4	1.01	*	n.s.	**	**