Table 8.

In Vivo Approaches to Vascular Tissue Engineering

	Polysurgery techniques	Arteriovenous loops
Mechanism of vascularization	Cell sheet engineering with intervals of surgery to continue vascularization in vivo	Angiogenesis from arteriovenous shunt within chamber in vivo
Tissues and cell types cocultured	Cardiac, cornea, trachea, epithelial	Cardiac, bone, skeletal muscle, skin
Quantitative measurement of nutrient and oxygen diffusion	None reported	Hypoxia staining, angiography in large models
Points of functional anastomosis	Yes, for cell sheets vascularized directly over an existing host artery and/or vein	Yes, vein or synthetic graft forms the shunt loop
References	108–110	111–119