Figure 4. Brefeldin A inhibits APP proteolysis and induces ER stress UPR signaling.

Brefeldin A inhibited γ-secretase cleavage of APPGV16 (top graph). Western blots show that 0.5 µg/ml Brefeldin A induces activation of PERK (pPERK blot) and eIF2α (p-eIF2 α). Increases in phospho-p38 (pp38 blot) and phospho-JNK (pp54/JNK, pp46JNK blot) levels are also observed at the same concentration of BFA which fosters increased UPR signaling and diminished γ-secretase dependent APPGV16 cleavage.