Table 1.
Estimated population prevalence (%) of short sleep duration* among employed civilian US workers, 2004–2007
| Variable | Unweighted sample Size | Estimated annual population (in millions) | Estimated annual cases (in millions) | Weighted prevalence (%, SE†) | PR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 66,099 | 136.8 | 40.9 | 29.9 (0.3) | ||
| 2004 | 18,667 | 133.1 | 40.9 | 30.7 (0.4) | 1.08 | 1.03–1.13 |
| 2005 | 18,875 | 136.6 | 41.2 | 30.2 (0.4) | 1.06 | 1.01–1.12 |
| 2006 | 14,601 | 138.1 | 42.1 | 30.5 (0.5) | 1.08 | 1.03–1.13 |
| 2007 | 13,956 | 139.3 | 39.5 | 28.4 (0.5) | Ref. | |
| By Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 32,956 | 73.9 | 22.6 | 30.7 (0.3) | 1.06 | 1.03–1.09 |
| Female | 33,143 | 62.9 | 18.3 | 29.0 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Age category | ||||||
| 18–25 y | 8,751 | 21.0 | 5.4 | 25.9 (0.6) | 1.04 | 0.95–1.15 |
| 26–35 y | 15,455 | 30.7 | 9.1 | 29.8 (0.5) | 1.20 | 1.10–1.31 |
| 36–45 y | 16,679 | 33.8 | 10.7 | 31.7 (0.5) | 1.28 | 1.17–1.40 |
| 46–55 y | 14,989 | 31.7 | 10.1 | 31.9 (0.5) | 1.28 | 1.17–1.40 |
| 56–65 y | 7,965 | 15.7 | 4.5 | 28.9 (0.6) | 1.16 | 1.06–1.28 |
| > 65 y | 2,260 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 24.8 (1.0) | Ref. | |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 52,058 | 118.2 | 36.0 | 28.8 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Black | 9,733 | 15.4 | 5.8 | 37.2 (0.7) | 1.29 | 1.24–1.35 |
| Other | 4,308 | 8.7 | 2.8 | 31.5 (0.9) | 1.10 | 1.03–1.16 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 53,860 | 118.2 | 36.0 | 30.5 (0.3) | 1.15 | 1.10–1.20 |
| Hispanic | 12,239 | 18.6 | 4.9 | 26.4 (0.6) | Ref. | |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Married | 35,022 | 87.8 | 25.5 | 29.0 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Not married | 30,841 | 48.6 | 15.4 | 31.6 (0.4) | 1.09 | 1.06–1.12 |
| Education | ||||||
| < 16 y | 26,066 | 52.9 | 16.0 | 30.3 (0.4) | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 |
| 16 y or more | 39,556 | 82.9 | 24.7 | 29.8 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| By Health Behaviors | ||||||
| Current smoker | ||||||
| Yes | 14,116 | 29.2 | 10.4 | 35.7 (0.6) | 1.26 | 1.22–1.31 |
| No | 51,190 | 105.9 | 29.9 | 28.3 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Heavy alcohol user§ | ||||||
| Yes | 15,229 | 32.8 | 10.6 | 32.2 (0.5) | 1.11 | 1.07–1.15 |
| No | 50,077 | 102.3 | 29.8 | 29.1 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Physically inactive¶ | ||||||
| Yes | 22,793 | 44.4 | 13.1 | 29.5 (0.4) | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 |
| No | 42,513 | 90.7 | 27.3 | 30.1 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Obese** | ||||||
| Yes | 15,972 | 32.7 | 11.9 | 36.2 (0.5) | 1.30 | 1.26–1.34 |
| No | 49,334 | 102.4 | 28.5 | 27.9 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| By Self-reported health status | ||||||
| Excellent/very good/good | 61,878 | 129.0 | 37.7 | 29.2 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| Fair/poor | 4,206 | 7.7 | 3.3 | 42.2 (1.0) | 1.45 | 1.38–1.51 |
| By Work Characteristics | ||||||
| Number of current jobs | ||||||
| 1 | 60,410 | 124.8 | 36.6 | 29.3 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| > 1 | 5,303 | 11.2 | 4.1 | 37.0 (0.8) | 1.26 | 1.20–1.32 |
| Weekly work hours | ||||||
| ≤ 40 | 46,872 | 95.8 | 26.0 | 27.1 (0.3) | Ref. | |
| > 40 | 18,434 | 39.3 | 14.4 | 36.6 (0.4) | 1.35 | 1.31–1.39 |
*
Short sleep duration defined as ≤ 6 h/24-h period
†
Standard error estimated by SUDAAN (v9.0)
§
Heavy alcohol use defined as having had 5 or more drinks in 1 day in the past year
¶
Physically inactive defined as never engaging in any moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activity
**
Obese defined as a body mass index ≥ 30