Table 5.
Effect of SWS disruption on objective and subjective sleep parameters during the 2 SWS disruption nights (N1, N2) and the recovery sleep episode (N3).
| Objective (PSG)sleep measures | Age group | Intervention group | N1 | N2 | N3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sleep time (min) | Young | Control | 3.8 (21.0) 21 | 4.0 (21.7) 19 | 0.7 (26.0) 21 |
| Young | Disruption | −18.1 (38.7) 20* | 3.7 (31.5) 20 | 21.3 (28.9) 19* | |
| Middle-Aged | Control | −8.5 (51.5) 13 | 5.2 (47.9) 15 | 1.8 (33.3) 15 | |
| Middle-Aged | Disruption | −13.5 (65.5) 15 | 3.5 (61.0) 16 | 19.6 (38.8) 16 | |
| Older | Control | −16.9 (29.8) 15 | −1.9 (20.7) 16 | −27.9 (41.5) 16 | |
| Older | Disruption | −25.3 (70.7) 15 | −1.1 (66.4) 14 | 31.1 (56.9) 15*** | |
| PSG awakenings (number) | Young | Control | −0.5 (6.1 ) | 0.4 (6.7) | −0.1 (8.1) |
| Young | Disruption | 11.5 (9.2)*** | 10.7 (10.6)*** | −6.4 (6.6)* | |
| Middle-Aged | Control | −1.4 (7.7) | −1.8 (7.0) | −1.2 (6.0) | |
| Middle-Aged | Disruption | 9.0 (11.3)** | 10.3 (11.2)** | −3.3 (9.8) | |
| Older | Control | −3.0 (12.6) | −3.3 (9.1) | −4.2 (12.9) | |
| Older | Disruption | 7.9 (14.2)* | 10.6 (6.7)*** | −1.3 (10.3) | |
| SWS (min) | Young | Control | 2.5 (19.2) | −0.7 (23.6) | −6.1 (20.1) |
| Young | Disruption | −60.8 (32.9)*** | −33.9 (32.1)*** | 27.7 (25.7)*** | |
| Middle-Aged | Control | −1.6 (20.6) | −3.1 (21.9) | 6.8 (18.2) | |
| Middle-Aged | Disruption | −50.9 (22.2)*** | −33.2 (32.4)* | 20.7 (32.8)† | |
| Older | Control | −1.5 (21.7) | −2.0 (20.7) | −12.5 (21.6) | |
| Older | Disruption | −36.8 (35.9)** | −34.2 (20.3)*** | 12.6 (21.0)** | |
| SWA (% from baseline) | Young | Control | 4.8 (14.4) 21 | 5.5 (19.6) 19 | 2.8 (17.4) 21 |
| Young | Disruption | −28.2 (12.8) 20*** | −15.5 (20.4) 19** | 29.2 (30.9) 19** | |
| Middle-Aged | Control | −5.2 (16.6) 11 | −2.6 (15.8) 14 | 2.2 (19.2) 15 | |
| Middle-Aged | Disruption | −18.7 (31.5) 15†† | −6.9 (31.4) 15 | 23.3 (32.1) 16* | |
| Older | Control | −3.2 (16.2) 15 | −0.7 (16.8) 16 | −2.7 (16.4) 16 | |
| Older | Disruption | −11.3 (16.1) 15 | −6.3 (24.5) 14 | 18.9 (21.3) 15** | |
| Subjective sleep measures | |||||
| Total sleep time (h) | Young | Control | −0.0 (0.5) 22 | 0.1 (0.6) 23 | −0.0 (0.6) 23 |
| Young | Disruption | −0.6 (2.0) 20 | 0.1 (1.5) 21 | 0.8 (1.1) 21** | |
| Middle-Aged | Control | 0.3 (0.5) 17 | 0.3 (0.7) 17 | 0.1 (0.6) 17 | |
| Middle-Aged | Disruption | −0.7 (1.0) 18*** | −0.4 (1.1) 18* | 0.2 (0.5) 18 | |
| Older | Control | −0.3 (0.9) 15 | −0.1 (0.8) 16 | −0.5 (1.0) 16 | |
| Older | Disruption | −0.3 (1.2) 15 | −1.0 (1.8) 15 | 0.8 (1.5) 15* | |
| Number of awakenings | Young | Control | 1.1 (2.5) | 1.1 (2.9) | −0.5 (1.8) |
| Young | Disruption | 10.7 (13.8)** | 5.9 (8.5)* | −1.5 (1.7) | |
| Middle-Aged | Control | −0.3 (1.4) | −0.8 (1.8) | −0.8 (1.8) | |
| Middle-Aged | Disruption | 7.8 (10.1)** | 6.6 (9.6)** | −1.2 (1.3) | |
| Older | Control | 0.7 (2.4) | −0.8 (1.3) | 0.1 (2.7) | |
| Older | Disruption | 2.3 (4.2) | 4.8 (8.3)* | −1.5 (2.0) | |
All N1-N3 data are expressed as change from baseline and the contrast between SWS Disruption and SWS Control was computed for these difference scores. Mean, (SD) N. Number of observations is indicated once for PSG measures, SWA, and once for subjective measures.:
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.01;
***
P < 0.001;
†
P = 0.07;
††
P = 0.09. Contrast SWS disruption vs. SWS Control.