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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Oct 9;48(1):65. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.025

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

LPO-induced degradation of linoleic acid. HNE and ONE undergo phase I and phase II metabolism, resulting in the excretion of MA conjugates including HNE-MA, ONO-MA, and DHN-MA. DHN-MA may originate from DHN-GSH and possibly ONO-GSH, but it is shown as a metabolite of HNE-MA and ONO-MA for simplicity.