Table 2.
Prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among juvenile detainees with specific mental health diagnoses, by gendera
| Males (n=531) |
Females (n=360) |
Test of gender differences in PTSD among those with disorder | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disorder | N | Prevalence of PTSD % | Standard error | ORb | 95% CI | F | df | p | N | Prevalence of PTSD % | Standard error | ORb | 95% CI | F | df | p | ORc | 95% CI | F | df | p |
| No Disorder (Males: n=157; Females: n=86) |
9 | 2 | 0.8 | 9 | 11 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Any Disorder (Males: n=367; Females: n=268) |
44 | 15 | 3.8 | 9.0 | 3.4 – 23.7 | 20.1 | 1 , 515 | 0.00001 | 43 | 16 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.7 – 3.5 | 1.5 | 1 , 351 | 0.22 | 1.0 | 0.5– 1.8 | 0.02 | 1 , 866 | 0.88 |
| Psychosis (Males: n=7; Females: n=4) |
0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||
| Affective Disorderd (Males: n=81; Females: n=87) |
11 | 11 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 1.5 – 26.9 | 6.2 | 1 , 514 | 0.01 | 13 | 15 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 – 3.6 | 0.6 | 1 , 350 | 0.43 | 0.7 | 0.2– 2.9 | 0.19 | 1 , 859 | 0.66 |
| Anxiety Disorderd (Males: n=93; Females n=110) |
15 | 22 | 8.5 | 14.3 | 4.2 – 49.0 | 18.1 | 1 , 513 | 0.0000 | 14 | 13 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 – 3.1 | 0.2 | 1 , 347 | 0.63 | 2.0 | 0.6– 6.0 | 1.41 | 1 , 872 | 0.24 |
| ADHD or Behavioral Disorderd (Males: n=232; Females: n=165) |
26 | 13 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 2.4 – 22.5 | 12.3 | 1 , 514 | 0.0005 | 25 | 15 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 – 3.4 | 1.0 | 1 , 349 | 0.32 | 0.8 | 0.3– 2.1 | 0.16 | 1 , 876 | 0.69 |
| Substance Use Disorderd (Males: n=290; Females: n=176) |
36 | 15 | 4.2 | 8.8 | 3.3 – 24.0 | 18.4 | 1 , 513 | 0.00002 | 33 | 19 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 0.9 – 4.4 | 2.8 | 1 , 349 | 0.09 | 0.8 | 0.4– 1.6 | 0.50 | 1 , 865 | 0.48 |
| Drug Use Disorder (Males: n=261; Females: n=155) |
35 | 16 | 4.4 | 9.5 | 3.5 – 26.0 | 19.3 | 1 , 514 | 0.00001 | 29 | 19 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.9 – 4.5 | 2.7 | 1 , 346 | 0.10 | 0.8 | 0.4– 1.8 | 0.26 | 1 , 865 | 0.61 |
| Alcohol Use Disorder (Males: n=154; Females: n=99) |
18 | 20 | 6.8 | 12.2 | 3.9 – 37.9 | 18.8 | 1 , 510 | 0.00002 | 22 | 22 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 1.0 – 5.7 | 4.3 | 1 , 345 | 0.04 | 0.9 | 0.3– 2.3 | 0.10 | 1 , 865 | 0.75 |
| Both Alcohol and Drug Use Disorder (Males: n=125; Females: n=78) |
17 | 23 | 7.8 | 14.3 | 4.5 – 45.4 | 20.4 | 1 , 509 | 0.00001 | 18 | 23 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 1.1 – 6.2 | 4.4 | 1 , 340 | 0.04 | 1.0 | 0.3– 2.7 | 0.006 | 1 , 841 | 0.94 |
Participants may have more than one disorder. Each cell is weighted to reflect the population of the detention center. CI indicates confidence interval. OR indicates odds ratio. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder could not be determined for 4 female participants because of missing data. Diagnostic information was not available for 1 female participant. One male and one female are excluded from this analysis because they self-identified as “other” race/ethnicity. All available data from the 891 remaining participants are used for each cell. Of these, 13 participants are missing any disorder, 6 participants are missing affective disorder, 7 participants are missing anxiety disorder, 3 are missing ADHD or behavioral disorder, 14 are missing any substance use disorder, drug use disorder, and alcohol use disorder, and 27 participants are missing both
Odds ratios contrast those with specific disorder versus those with no disorder. Statisticaly significant odds ratios > 1 indicate that persons who have PTSD are significantly more likely to have a specific disorder.
Odds ratios contrast males with the specific disorder versus females with the specific diagnosis. Statistically significant odds ratios >1 indicate that males with the specific disorder are significantly more likely to have PTSD than females with the specific disorder.
Affective Disorder includes major depressive episode, dysthymia, and manic episode; Anxiety Disorder includes panic, separation anxiety, overanxious, generalized anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders; Behavioral Disorder includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity, conduct, and oppositional defiant disorders; Substance Use Disorder includes alcohol and drug use disorders (abuse or dependence).