Exogenous IL-1RA blocked the E. coli-induced increase in hippocampal IL-6 protein 8 d post-infection. 24 mo animals were injected ICM with either vehicle or IL-1RA. Immediately following ICM injection, animals were injected i.p. with either vehicle or E. coli. 1 d post-test for fear of the context, hippocampal IL-6 protein was measured. In vehicle ICM treated animals, E. coli induced a significant increase in IL-6 protein compared to vehicle ICM/vehicle i.p. (** p < .01), IL-1RA ICM/vehicle i.p. (* p < .05), and IL-1RA ICM/E. coli i.p. (* p < .05) groups. IL-1RA blocked the E. coli-induced increase in hippocampal IL-6 resulting in IL-6 levels that did not significantly differ from the vehicle ICM/vehicle i.p. and IL-1RA ICM/vehicle i.p. groups. N = 4 animals/group.