Table 3.

Birth weights, individually adjusted for sex and gestational age, by nutrient intake in early pregnancy (n=693)

Daily intake approximate thirds	Results before adjustment for maternal characteristics			Results after adjustment for maternal height and smoking
	Mean birth weight (g)*	P value for nutrient effect on birth weight*		Adjusted mean expected birth weight (g)†	Expected change in birth weight (g) for unit change in nutrient (95% CI)†	P value for nutrient effect on birth weight†
Energy (kcal):		0.51			−0.01	0.72
<1855	3315			3342	(−0.08 to 0.06)
1855-2204	3384			3373
⩾2205	3360			3344
Carbohydrate (g):		0.33			0.03	0.90
<233	3334			3355	(−0.47 to 0.53)
233-276	3344			3337
⩾277	3380			3366
Fat (g):		0.54			−0.08	0.91
<75	3323			3340	(−1.35 to 1.20)
75-93	3385			3386
⩾94	3352			3334
Protein (g):		0.97			−1.24	0.14
<66	3372			3397	(−2.90 to 0.42)
66-79	3323			3318
⩾80	3361			3341
Total vitamin C (mg)‡:		0.002			50.8	0.031
<55	3310			3322	(4.6 to 97.0)
55-97	3336			3341
⩾98	3410			3393
Total vitamin E (mg)‡:		0.049			36.2	0.21
<7	3297			3315	(−20.7 to 93.0)
7-10.5	3386			3384
⩾10.5	3378			3362
Total folate (μg)‡§:		0.029			47.0	0.11
<222	3309			3328	(−9.1 to 103.2)
222-299	3334			3320
⩾300	3415			3410

^*Mean values derived after individual adjustment for sex and gestational age. P values based on univariate regression of birth weights, individually adjusted for sex and gestational age, on nutrient intake (entered as continuous variables). 

^†Mean values derived after individual adjustment for sex, gestational age, height, and smoking. Regression coefficients and P values based on multiple linear regression of birth weight, individually adjusted for sex and gestational age, on maternal height, smoking, and nutrient intake. 

^‡Nutrients ln transformed for regression analysis. 

^§One outlier excluded.