Table 2.
Multinominal logistic regression analysis of bullying behaviour in 3918 students in schools in New South Wales. Comparison group was 1650 students who neither were bullied nor bully
| Characteristics | Students who bully (n=928)
|
Bullied students (n=497)
|
Bullied students who bully (n=818)
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative risk ratio (95% CI) | SE | P value | Relative risk ratio (95% CI) | SE | P value | Relative risk ratio (95% CI) | SE | P value | |||
| Sex* | |||||||||||
| Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Male | 2.0 (1.61 to 2.51) | 0.22 | <0.05 | 1.25 (0.97 to 1.58) | 0.15 | NS | 2.07 (1.64 to 2.63) | 0.25 | <0.05 | ||
| School class | |||||||||||
| Year 6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Year 8 | 0.65 (0.47 to 0.90) | 0.11 | <0.05 | 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98) | 0.11 | <0.05 | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.93) | 0.12 | <0.05 | ||
| Year 10 | 0.48 (0.36 to 0.69) | 0.08 | <0.05 | 0.32 (0.22 to 0.45) | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.28 (0.21 to 0.39) | 0.05 | <0.05 | ||
| Psychosomatic symptom scale (scores)† | |||||||||||
| Low (0-4) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Moderate (5-8) | 1.28 (0.99 to 1.63) | 0.16 | NS | 0.91 (0.69 to 1.22) | 0.13 | NS | 1.17 (0.87 to 1.57) | 0.17 | NS | ||
| Frequent (9-14) | 1.61 (1.20 to 2.17) | 0.24 | <0.05 | 0.96 (0.73 to 1.27) | 0.13 | NS | 1.63 (1.23 to 2.17) | 0.23 | <0.05 | ||
| High (15-32) | 1.80 (1.21 to 2.65) | 0.36 | <0.05 | 1.11 (0.72 to 1.70) | 0.24 | NS | 1.97 (1.37 to 2.81) | 0.35 | <0.05 | ||
| Mental health | |||||||||||
| Happy | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Unhappy | 0.80 (0.54 to 1.18) | 0.16 | NS | 1.40 (0.83 to 2.34) | 0.36 | NS | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.19) | 0.16 | NS | ||
| Not lonely | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Lonely | 0.76 (0.53 to 1.09) | 0.14 | NS | 1.72 (1.19 to 2.51) | 0.33 | <0.05 | 1.23 (0.88 to 1.71) | 0.20 | NS | ||
| Social contact | |||||||||||
| Not alone | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Ostracised | 0.74 (0.37 to 1.48) | 0.26 | NS | 3.40 (1.82 to 6.35) | 1.07 | <0.05 | 2.45 (1.32 to 4.53) | 0.76 | <0.05 | ||
| ⩽3 days spent with friends after school | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| ⩾4 days spent with friends after school | 1.23 (0.99 to 1.53) | 0.13 | NS | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.17) | 0.13 | NS | 0.68 (0.51 to 0.90) | 0.09 | <0.05 | ||
| ⩽2 evenings out with friends | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| ⩾3 evenings out with friends | 1.37 (1.07 to 1.71) | 0.17 | <0.05 | 0.52 (0.37 to 0.72) | 0.09 | <0.05 | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.80) | 0.17 | <0.05 | ||
| Risk behaviour | |||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Current smoker | 1.50 (1.01 to 2.22) | 0.30 | <0.05 | 0.38 (0.21 to 0.69) | 0.11 | <0.05 | 1.81 (1.26 to 2.59) | 0.32 | <0.05 | ||
| Reactions to school | |||||||||||
| Dislike school | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Like school | 0.48 (0.37 to 0.63) | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.57 (0.42 to 0.76) | 0.08 | <0.05 | 0.57 (0.39 to 0.65) | 0.09 | <0.05 | ||
| School is not nice place to be | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| School is nice place to be | 0.55 (0.43 to 0.71) | 0.07 | <0.05 | 0.69 (0.53 to 0.89) | 0.09 | <0.05 | 0.50 (0.39 to 0.65) | 0.07 | <0.05 | ||
| ⩽3 days of school missed without permission | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| ⩾4 days of school missed without permission | 1.51 (0.68 to 3.35) | 0.61 | NS | 0.48 (0.11 to 2.03) | 0.34 | NS | 1.02 (0.44 to 2.32) | 0.42 | NS | ||
*
Unspecified in 25 students.
†
0-4: up to 3 symptoms less than once a month or never; 5-8: 4 or more symptoms about every month or up to 3 per week; 9-14: 4 or more symptoms once per week or up to 3 per week; 15-32: 4 or more symptoms more than once a week or about every day.