Table 4.
Effective HAART use and the prevalence, incident detection, and clearance of HPV and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).
| A. HPV Results | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any HPV | Oncogenic HPV | ||||||
| Outcome | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Prevalence | Effective vs. pre-HAART | 0.72* | 0.60–0.87 | <0.001 | 0.71 | 0.50–1.02 | 0.06 |
| Ineffective vs. pre-HAART | 0.89 | 0.77–1.03 | 0.13 | 0.79 | 0.62–1.01 | 0.06 | |
| Effective vs. Ineffective | 0.81 | 0.65–1.01 | 0.06 | 0.90 | 0.60–1.35 | 0.61 | |
| Incidence | Effective vs. pre-HAART | 0.64 | 0.46–0.88 | 0.006 | 0.62 | 0.38–1.02 | 0.06 |
| Ineffective vs. pre-HAART | 1.00 | 0.78–1.29 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.64–1.34 | 0.68 | |
| Effective vs. Ineffective | 0.63 | 0.44–0.92 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.38–1.19 | 0.17 | |
| Clearance | Effective vs. Ineffective | 1.03 | 0.75–1.42 | 0.84 | --** | -- | -- |
| Effective vs. pre-HAART | 1.16 | 0.88–1.52 | 0.30 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Ineffective vs. pre-HAART | 1.12 | 0.89–1.41 | 0.34 | -- | -- | -- | |
| B. SIL Results | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any SIL | OncoHPV+ SIL | ||||||
| Outcome | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Prevalence | Effective vs. pre-HAART | 0.45 | 0.25–0.80 | 0.007 | 0.47 | 0.19–1.16 | 0.10 |
| Ineffective vs. pre-HAART | 0.93 | 0.55–1.58 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.42–1.51 | 0.48 | |
| Effective vs. Ineffective | 0.48 | 0.23–1.01 | 0.05 | 0.59 | 0.21–1.71 | 0.33 | |
| Incidence | Effective vs. pre-HAART | 0.71 | 0.37–1.36 | 0.30 | 0.75 | 0.30–1.85 | 0.53 |
| Ineffective vs. pre-HAART | 0.44 | 0.21–0.94 | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.18–1.25 | 0.13 | |
| Effective vs. Ineffective | 1.61 | 0.65–3.95 | 0.30 | 1.56 | 0.47–5.21 | 0.47 | |
| Clearance | Effective vs. pre-HAART | 2.48 | 1.10–5.61 | 0.03 | 1.21 | 0.42–3.49 | 0.72 |
| Ineffective vs. pre-HAART | 1.26 | 0.53–2.99 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.24–1.27 | 0.16 | |
| Effective vs. Ineffective | 1.97 | 0.70–5.53 | 0.20 | 2.20 | 0.62–7.73 | 0.22 | |
Abbreviations: 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals; HAART = highly active anti-retroviral therapy; OncoHPV+ SIL = squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) that test positive for at least one oncogenic HPV type (whether or not non-oncogenic HPV were also detected).
All models adjusted for treatment of cervical neoplasia using a time-dependent variable, and the starting CD4+ count (as detailed in the text). Adjustment for additional covariates had no impact on any of the findings, including variables that were associated with risk of HPV and SIL in prior analyses; i.e., age, number of sexual partners within the past 6 months, cigarette smoking, race/ethnicity (data not shown).
No results were obtained due to non-convergence of the statistical models.