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Baseline characteristics of all the 421 subjects included in the study
| Males (%) | 37.1 |
| Age (years) | 47.1 ± 11.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.8 ± 3.9 |
| Smokers (%) | 22.3 |
| BMD L2-L4 (g/cm2) | 1.256 ± 0.163 |
| BMD total hip (g/cm2) | 1.096 ± 0.136 |
| OPG (pg/ml)1 | 1970 ± 672 |
| RANKL (pg/ml)1 | 0.08 ± 0.17 |
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 57.7 ± 20.7 |
| Serum PTH (pmol/L) | 5.41 ± 1.87 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.31 ± 0.11 |
1N = 336
