Table 1.
Vector-borne pathogens affecting dogs in Italy.
| Pathogen | Vector(s) a | Geographical distribution b |
|---|---|---|
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (?) | C, Sardinia [16,82-84] |
| Anaplasma platys | R. sanguineus (?) | C, S [15,48,85,86] |
| Babesia canis | Dermacentor reticulatus (?), R. sanguineus (?) | C, N [14,54] |
| Babesia vogeli | R. sanguineus, I. ricinus (?) | C, S, N [54] |
| Babesia gibsoni | R. sanguineus (?) | S [52,87] |
| Bartonella henselae | R. sanguineus (?) | Sardinia [88] |
| Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii | R. sanguineus (?) | S [17] |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | I. ricinus | C, N, S [20-22 ,24] |
| Dirofilaria immitis | Anopheles maculipennis, Aedes albopictus, A. cinereus, A. geniculatus, A. detritus, A. punctor, Coquillettidia richiardii, Culex modestus, C. pipiens, C. torrentium | C, N, S [33] |
| Dirofilaria repens | A. albopictus, A. maculipennis, C. pipiens | C, N, S [33] |
| Acanthocheilonema grassii | R. sanguineus | S [89] |
| Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides | R. sanguineus | S [90] |
| Acanthocheilonema reconditum | R. sanguineus | S [59] |
| Dipylidium caninum | Ctenocephalides canis, C. felis | C, N, S [91] |
| Ehrlichia canis | R. sanguineus | C, N, S, Sardinia [48-50] |
| Hepatozoon canis | R. sanguineus | C, N, S [14,92] |
| Leishmania infantum | Phlebotomus ariasi, P. neglectus, P. perniciosus, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi (?) | C, N, S [33] |
| Rickettsia conorii | R. sanguineus | S [51,93] |
| Thelazia callipaeda | Phortica variegata | S, N [38,61] |
Abbreviations: C, central Italy; N, northern Italy; S, southern Italy.
a Question mark (?) indicates "suspected vector" to dogs.
b Geographical distribution refers to the detection of pathogens either in dogs or in the vectors.