Table 1.
A Comparison of Baseline Clinical History and Socioeconomic Measurements by Annual Income Levels
| <$20,000 (n = 308) | $20,000–$49,999 (n = 352) | $50,000–$99,999 (n = 124) | ≥$100,000 (n = 35) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years), mean ± SD (range) | 58.6 ± 11 (21–83) | 58.6 ± 12 (27–86) | 56.2 ± 11 (33–82) | 55.6 ± 9 (40–79) | 0.096 |
| Post-Menopausea | 78% | 73% | 72% | 66% | 0.70 |
| Cardiac risk factors and cardiometabolic syndrome | |||||
| Hypertension | 66% | 61% | 44% | 31% | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 32% | 23% | 18% | 9% | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 26% | 17% | 15% | 6% | 0.021 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31 ± 7 | 30± 7 | 28± 6 | 29± 6 | 0.006 |
| Metabolic syndromeb | 55% | 44% | 37% | 33% | 0.009 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15% | 8% | 4% | 6% | 0.001 |
| Renal dysfunction | 5% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 0.014 |
| Depression requiring treatment | 32% | 21% | 17% | 26% | 0.002 |
| Alcohol use | 8% | 16% | 21% | 26% | <0.0001 |
| Presenting cardiac symptoms | |||||
| Typical angina | 35% | 26% | 33% | 20% | 0.050 |
| Dyspnea on presentation | 70% | 48% | 53% | 49% | <0.0001 |
| Prior stress resting, anti-ischemic therapy use, and angiographic results | |||||
| Positive stress test | 36% | 50% | 56% | 57% | <0.0001 |
| Nitroglycerin use | 59% | 40% | 37% | 36% | <0.0001 |
| Angiographic CAD | 0.032 | ||||
| No 50% Stenosis | 59% | 61% | 66% | 71% | |
| 1 vessel | 19% | 15% | 13% | 27% | |
| 2–3 Vessel | 23% | 24% | 21% | 2% | |
| Socioeconomic factors | |||||
| Ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||||
| Black | 31% | 13% | 3% | 6% | |
| Hispanic, Asian, or Indianc | 1% | 1% | 3% | 0% | |
| White | 68% | 86% | 95% | 91% | |
| Marital status | <0.0001 | ||||
| Never Married | 8% | 5% | 0% | 0% | |
| Divorced/separated | 29% | 13% | 4% | 0% | |
| Widowed | 27% | 16% | 3% | 0% | |
| Married | 32% | 65% | 90% | 100% | |
| Living in a marriage-like relationship | 4% | 3% | 3% | 0% | |
| Education | <0.0001 | ||||
| <High school diploma | 38% | 11% | 3% | 0% | |
| High school diploma | 38% | 47% | 31% | 17% | |
| Some college/vocational training | 19% | 31% | 32% | 34% | |
| College graduate or higher | 5% | 11% | 34% | 49% | |
| Health insurance | |||||
| Medicare | 44% | 24% | 22% | 0% | |
| Other publicd | 18% | 5% | 2% | 9% | |
| Private | 25% | 69% | 76% | 91% | |
| None/self-pay | 13% | 2% | 0% | 0% | |
| Employment statuse | |||||
| Full-time | 14% | 31% | 38% | 43% | <0.0001 |
| Part-time | 5% | 8% | 13% | 14% | <0.0001 |
| Retired | 33% | 32% | 26% | 20% | <0.0001 |
| Disablede | 31% | 14% | 6% | 0% | <0.0001 |
Postnenopause was defined by at least 12 months of amenorrhea or prior bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Metabolic syndrome defined as any three of the following: waist circumference >35 inches, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol <50 mg/dL, hypertension, and fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL.
Precise definition for ethnicity includes Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaskan Native.
Other public insurance, Medicaid or Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS).
Subsets within Employment status are not exclusive; affirmative responses may be included within multiple categories. Within these categories is the term disabled, which is defined as those receiving Social Security disability benefits.