Figure 10. Ca²⁺-dependent membrane blebbing during nanorod-mediated photothermolysis (34).

(a–b) No blebbing was observed for F-NRs labeled KB cells in Ca²⁺-free PBS after fs-pulsed laser irradiation at 3 mW for 61.5 s. (c) Blebs were immediately produced upon addition of 0.9 mM Ca²⁺. Incubation with 2.5 μM EB (red) and 2 μM Oregon Green for 20 min indicated a compromise in membrane integrity and an elevation in intracellular Ca²⁺. For all experiments, cells were incubated with F-NRs for 6 h, and washed 5 times in Ca²⁺-free PBS. Amounts of dyes and reagents were described as final concentrations in the cell culture medium. Bar = 10 μm.