Figure 3. Surface functionalization of gold NRs.
(a) Electrostatic adsorption onto polyelectrolyte-coated gold NRs. (b) Conjugation of amine-terminated biotin by carbodiimide coupling (102). (c) Cu-catalyzed “click” addition of alkyne-terminated molecules onto azide-labeled surface (103). (d) Chemisorption of thiolated bioconjugates (48, 53, 59). (e) Chemisorption of amine-terminated bioconjugates by in situ dithiocarbamate (DTC) formation (33, 34, 45, 57).