Figure 1. IDSA guidelines(26) for CKD screening in HIV infection with alternatives (italicized) based on the authors' opinions and the National Kidney Foundation guidelines(25).

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease ^† CKD risk factors: African American, CD4⁺ cell count <200 cells/mm³, HIV-1 RNA >14,000 copies/ml, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cocaine/cigarette use, hepatitis co-infection

(Adapted with permission from AIDS Patient Care and STDs 21:813-824, 2007)