Mechanisms and Consequences of Dendritic Cell Migration

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 10.

Published in final edited form as: Immunity. 2008 Sep 19;29(3):325. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.08.006

DC Subset and Phenotype	Migratory Route	Chemokine Receptor Expression (Ligand)	Other Traffic Molecules	References
Precursor DCs
• Hematopoeitic Stem and Progenitor Cell (HSPC) CD45⁺ Lin⁻ c-Kit⁺ Sca-1⁺	BM ↓ blood ↰(via TD) tissue ↲ ↳ SLO ↳ afferent lymphatics	CXCR4 (CXCL12)	VLA-4, LFA-1, CD44, PSGL-1, S1P_1–4, α4- integrin, α5- integrin	(Wright et al., 2002) (Massberg et al., 2007)

• Macrophage DC precursor (MDP) CD34⁺ Lin⁻ c-Kit^int CD11b⁻	BM ↓ blood tissue ↲ ↳ spleen	CX₃CR1 (fractalkine)	n.d.	(Fogg et al., 2006)

• Common dendritic progenitor (CDP) or Clonal DC precursor (pro-DC) CD34⁺ Lin⁻ c-Kit^int Flt-3⁺	BM ↓ blood tissue ↲ ↳ SLO	n.d.	CD44 L-selectin	(Onai et al., 2007) (Naik et al., 2007)

• Monocyte subsets CD115⁺ CD11b⁺ Ly6C^lo/int/hi F4/80^lo CD62L^+/−	BM ↓ blood tissue ↲ ↳ SLO	CX₃CR1 (fractalkine), CXCR4 (CXCL12), CCR2 (MCPs), CCR8(CCL1) CCR5 (MIP/RANTES)	CD99, VLA-4, PSGL-1	(Geissmann et al., 2003) (Ley et al., 2007)

Differentiated DCs
• Langerhans cell Langerin⁺ MHC II⁺ Dectin-1⁺ CD1a⁺ CD11b⁺⁺ CD11c⁺ CD24a⁺ CD205⁺ CD45^lo CD8α^+/− CD103⁻	epidermis ↓ dermis ↓ afferent lymphatics ↓ LN	Immature CCR2 (MCPs), CCR6 (CCL20) CX₃CR1(fractalkine) Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21), CXCR4 (CXCL12)	S1P/S1P_R, LFA-1, VLA-4,	(Bursch et al., 2007) (Stutte et al., 2008) (Poulin et al., 2007)

• Dermal DC: langerin+ subset Langerin⁺ MHCII⁺ CD103⁺ CD11b^lo CD11c^int CD45^hi CD8α⁻	dermis ↓ afferent lymphatics ↓ LN	Immature CCR2 (MCPs), CX₃CR1(fractalkine) Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21)	P/E selectin ligands	(Bursch et al., 2007) (Ginhoux et al., 2007) (Poulin et al., 2007)

• Dermal DC: langerin- subset Langerin⁻ MHCII⁺ CD11c⁺ DEC205⁺ CD24a⁻	dermis ↓ afferent lymphatics ↓ LN	Immature CCR2(MCPs), Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21), CXCR4 (CXCL12)	S1P/S1P_R, LFA-1, VLA-4	(Stutte et al., 2008)

• CD8α⁺ DC CD8α⁺ MHCII⁺ CD11c⁺ CD4⁻ CD205⁺ SIRP-α⁻	blood SLO ↲ ↓ ↳ BM thymus	Immature CX₃CR1 (fractalkine) Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21)	LFA-1, VLA-4	(Bonasio et al., 2006) (Cavanagh et al., 2005) (Jung et al., 2000)

• CD8α⁻ DC CD8α − MHCII⁺ CD11c⁺ CD11b⁺ CD4⁻ SIRP-α⁺ DCIR2⁺	blood SLO ↲ ↓ ↳ BM thymus	Immature CX₃CR1 (fractalkine) Mature CCR7(CCL19/21)	LFA-1, VLA-4	(Jung et al., 2000) (Bonasio et al., 2006) (Cavanagh et al., 2005)

• CD8α⁻ CD4⁺ DC CD8α⁻ CD4⁺ CD11b⁺ MHCII⁺ DCIR2⁺	blood ↓ spleen	Immature CX₃CR1 (fractalkine) Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21), CCR5 (CXCL13)	LFA-1, VLA-4	(Vremec et al., 2000)

• pDC B220⁺ CD11c^lo Ly6C⁺ MHCII^lo CD4^−/+ CD8a^−/+ PDCA-1⁺ (human: CD123⁺ BCDA-2⁺, -4⁺)	blood ↙ ↙ ↘ ↘ tissue thymus SLO BM	Immature CCR2 (MCPs), CCR9 (CCL25) CXCR3 (CCL9/10/11), CXCR4 (SDF-1), CCR5 (MIP/RANTES) Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21)	L-selectin, ChemR23	(Cella et al., 1999) (Diacovo et al., 2005) (Penna et al., 2001) (Vermi et al., 2005) (Zabel et al., 2005)

• Lung DCs (2 subsets) (conducting airways) 1. CD11b^hi CD11c⁺ CD103− (lung interstitium) 2. CD11b^lo CD11c⁺ CD103⁺	lung ↓ afferent lymphatics ↓ LN	Immature CCR7^lo (CCL19/21) Mature CCR7^hi (CCL19/21), CCR8 (CCL1)	S1P/S1P_R, CD38	(Hammad and Lambrecht, 2007)

• Lamina propria DCs (4 subsets) 1. CD11c^hi CD11b⁻ CD205⁺ CD103⁺ 2. CD11c^hi CD11b⁺ CD205⁺ CD103⁺ 3. CD11c^int CD11b^int CD205⁻ CD103⁻ 4. CD11c^int CD11b⁺ CD205⁻ CD103⁻	lamina propria ↓ afferent lymphatics ↓ LN	Immature CCR6 (CCL20), CX₃CR1 (fractalkine) Mature CCR7(CCL19/21), CCR8(CCL1)	n.d.	(Iwasaki, 2007)

• Peyer’s patch DCs (3 subsets) 1. CD11c⁺ CD8α⁺ CD11b⁻ 2. CD11c⁺ CD8α⁻ CD11b⁺ 3. CD11c⁺ CD8α⁻ CD11b⁻	Peyer’s patches	Immature CCR6(CCL20), CCR1(CCL9) CX₃CR1 (fractalkine) Mature CCR7 (CCL19/21)	n.d.	(Iwasaki, 2007)