(A) Transcription rate per gene, (B) gene copy number per cell, (C) mRNA degradation rate, (D) translation rate per mRNA molecule, (E) protein dilution rate due to growth and (F) cell mass, used as a measure for the cell volume V, as functions of the growth rate. All parameters are for constitutively expressed (unregulated) genes. For a description how the data was collected from the literature and for references, see the text and Table S1.