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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Mar;7(3):232. doi: 10.1038/nrn1871

Figure 4. Lesions of the preBötzinger Complex significantly disturb breathing pattern in an unrestrained, unanaesthetized adult rat.

Figure 4

SP-SAP was injected bilaterally into the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) and by (or shortly after) day 10 post-injection had killed >80% of preBötC neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) neurons. Under control conditions, breathing is continuous throughout the sleep–wake cycle, as determined from electroencephalogram (EEG) and neck electromyogram (EMG) signals (not shown). However, on day 8 after SP-SAP administration breathing pattern ceases to be normal during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when apnoea develops and ventilation is restored only on waking, a cycle that then repeats. DIAEMG, integrated diaphragmatic EMG; Iamp, inspiratory amplitude; NREM, non-REM sleep; W, wakefulness. Reproduced, with permission, from REF. 56.