Table 1.
Demographic and Psychopathological Data of Healthy Controls and Patients with Schizophrenia
| Parameter | Controls | Patients |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 11 | 14 |
| Female | 5 | 2 |
| Age (years) | 40 (8) | 43 (6) |
| Race | ||
| African American | 2 | 5 |
| Caucasian | 14 | 11 |
| Education (years) | 14.6 (1.8) | 13.3 (2.3) |
| Hollingshead Index | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.2) |
| Premorbid IQ | 108.2 (7.5) | 103.1 (13.2) |
| Chlorpromazine equivalents | 411 (229) | |
| Duration of illness (years) | 19 (7) | |
| SAPS total | 17.7 (18.6) | |
| SANS total | 30.0 (16.0) | |
| BPRS total | 30.9 (8.5) | |
| Reality Distortion factor | 12.1 (7.7) | |
| Disorganization factor | 6.8 (3.5) | |
| Poverty Symptoms factor | 12.0 (6.0) | |
| SANS Impersistence at Work or School | 2.7 (2.0) | |
| SANS Avolition-Apathy | 2.2 (1.8) | |
| SANS Anhedonia-Associality | 1.7 (1.3) | |
| BPRS Anxiety/Depression factor | 8.7 (2.9) |
Note: Means are shown with standard deviation in parentheses. Patients and controls were closely matched on all demographic variables (ps > .10).