Table 1. Tests for faster X evolution in Drosophila.
Species | Number of Genes | Analysis | Result | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
D. melanogaster - D. simulansa | 254 genes | dNb and dN/dSc | X ≈ A | [30] |
D. melanogaster | 1,841 duplicate genes | dN/dS | X > A | [38] |
D. melanogaster | 13 duplicate genes | MKd | X > A | [39] |
D. pseudoobscura - D. melanogaster | 9,184 genes | dN | X ≈ A | [35] |
D. pseudoobscura - D. melanogaster | 8,453 genes | dN | X > A | [33] |
D. pseudoobscura - D. melanogaster | 110 genes | dN/dS | XR > 3Le | [32] |
D. pseudoobscura - D. melanogaster | 2,646 genes | dN/dS | XR ≈ 3L | [37] |
D. melanogaster lineage | 98 genes | MK | X ≈ A | [34] |
D. melanogaster lineage | 337 genes | MK | X ≈ A | [31] |
D. melanogaster - D. simulans | 50 genes with male-biased expression | MK | X > A | [28] |
D. melanogaster - D. simulans | 41 genes with female-biased expression | MK | X ≈ A | [28] |
D. melanogaster - D. simulans | 45 genes with no sex-biased expression | MK | X ≈ A | [28] |
D. melanogaster - D. simulans and D. melanogaster-D. yakuba | 597 genes with male-biased expression | dN/dS | X > A | [28] |
D. melanogaster - D. simulans and D. melanogaster-D. yakuba | 645 genes with female-biased expression | dN/dS | X ≈ A | [28] |
D. melanogaster - D. simulans and D. melanogaster-D. yakuba | 3,254 genes with no sex-biased expression | dN/dS | X > A | [28] |
D. simulans, D. melanogaster and D. yakuba lineages | genome-wide, 50 kb windows | divergence at all sitesf | X > A | [29] |
D. melanogaster, D. sechellia, D. erecta, D. ananassae, D. pseudoobscura, D. willistoni, D. mojavensis, D. virilis, and D. grimshawi lineages | 6,698 genes | amino acid divergence | X ≈ A | [36] |
D. persimilis lineage | 6,698 genes | amino acid divergence | X > A | [36] |
D. yakuba and D. simulans lineages | 6,698 genes | amino acid divergence | A > X | [36] |
D. melanogaster, D. sechellia, D. simulans, D. yakuba and D. erecta | 8,510 genes | dN/dS | X ≈ A | [36] |
D. sechellia and D. simulans lineages | 8,510 genes | dN/dS | X > A | [36] |
D. melanogaster-D. simulans (3L) vs. D. pseudoobscura-D. persimilis (XR) | 2,392 | dN/dS | XR > 3L | [36] |
Molecular divergence can be estimated between two species (e.g., D. melanogaster - D. simulans) or along a single lineage (e.g., D. melanogaster).
dN = number of nonsynonymous differences per nonsynonymous site.
dN/dS = nonsynonymous differences per nonsynonymous site standardized by synonymous (neutral) differences per synonymous sites.
The McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test contrasts the numbers of replacement and synonymous fixed differences with the numbers of replacement and synonymous polymorphisms.
Orthologous genes that are X-linked (XR) in D. pseudoobscura and close relatives but autosomal (3L) in D. melanogaster.
For dS, X ≈ A in the D. simulans lineage.