Figure 5.

Luteolin inhibits apoptosis-related pathways and reduces de-ramification genes. Real-time qRT-PCR validation of transcripts in BV-2 microglia stimulated with 50 μM luteolin, 50 ng/ml LPS, or 50 μM luteolin + 50 ng/ml LPS. Relative mRNA levels were quantified for (A) DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3), (B) Tribbles homolog 3 (Trib3), (C) Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (Marco), and (D) lipocalin 2 (Lcn2). Expression was normalized to the control gene Gusb and mRNA levels (+/- SEM) are graphed relative to mock-treated control cells. Results are calculated from three independent experiments performed in triplicate measurements. * p ≤ 0.05 for luteolin vs. control and luteolin + LPS vs. LPS, respectively.