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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 24.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2009 Sep 24;63(6):865–878. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.024

Figure 6. Effects of sleep/waking history on firing rates.

Figure 6

(A) Top left: SWA time course and corresponding hypnogram during a ~3-hour interval during the night, centered on a ~40-min long waking bout in one representative rat. Bottom left: examples of NREM ON periods before and after consolidated waking. Right: Average firing rates within the ON periods (mean values + SEM, 115 neurons, n = 4 rats). Triangle: p<0.05. (B) Top left: SWA and corresponding hypnogram during a 6-hour interval starting at light onset in one representative rat. Bottom left: examples of ON periods in early (within the first hour after lights on) and late (~ 5–6 hours after lights on) sleep. Right: Average firing rates within the ON periods in early and late sleep (mean values + SEM, 125 neurons, n = 4 rats). Triangle: p<0.05. Note that since different data sets contributed to panels (A) and (B), absolute firing rates values cannot be compared directly. (C) Relationship between NREM SWA (0.5–4.0 Hz, % of 12-hour light period mean) and neuronal firing rates within the ON periods (% of 12-hour light period mean) computed for the four 3-hour intervals of the light period (n=7 rats, 1–5 days/rat). Line depicts linear regression (Pearson). (D) Mean firing rates computed for NREM (including ON and OFF periods, 162 neurons, n=7 rats), waking (106 neurons, n=7 rats) and REM (136 neurons, n=7 rats) sleep in conditions of high and low sleep pressure. Triangles: p<0.05. To compare firing rates during waking, 4-sec epochs in high and low sleep pressure condition were equated based on EMG values. (E) Firing rates within the ON periods in NREM sleep before and after waking episodes lasting 5–25 min (n=7 rats). All waking episodes were subdivided into those without short sleep attempts (0% sleep) and those containing ~ 1–10% of NREM sleep. Mean values are shown as % of the mean between the bars. Triangle: p<0.05. (F) Firing rates in waking before and after sleep periods lasting <=60 min and consisting of > 70% of NREM sleep. Firing rates are shown separately for short sleep periods < 15 min and those longer than 15 min. Mean values are shown as % of the mean between the bars. Triangles: p<=0.05.