Table 2.
Characteristics of Included Studies.
| 5-HTTLPR | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Year | SS | SL | LL | Measure | Phenotype | Ancestry | Remarks | ||||||
| (mean) | (SD) | (n) | (mean) | (SD) | (n) | (mean) | (SD) | (n) | ||||||
| Cruz 1995 | 1995 | 13.50 | 5.70 | 20 | 10.30 | 4.60 | 26 | 12.00 | 5.40 | 26 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | Unpublished data |
| Lesch 1996 | 1996 | 56.30 | 11.20 | 95 | 56.60 | 12.00 | 247 | 53.10 | 11.50 | 163 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Ebstein 1997 | 1997 | 13.15 | 4.58 | 32 | 12.15 | 6.17 | 66 | 12.86 | 5.90 | 23 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Nakamura 1997 (NEO) | 1997 | 142.99 | 9.55 | 128 | 143.29 | 10.88 | 55 | 137.33 | 9.45 | 3 | NEO | Neuroticism | East Asian | Duplicate sample |
| Nakamura 1997 (TPQ/TCI) | 1997 | 18.14 | 5.98 | 118 | 17.21 | 7.20 | 52 | 11.67 | 3.06 | 3 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | Duplicate sample |
| Jorm 1998 | 1998 | 4.36 | 3.50 | 155 | 4.49 | 3.27 | 350 | 4.42 | 3.33 | 254 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | |
| Mazzanti 1998 | 1998 | 11.70 | 4.90 | 41 | 10.60 | 5.50 | 106 | 11.20 | 5.80 | 68 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Ricketts 1998 | 1998 | 16.80 | 6.36 | 10 | 12.71 | 6.96 | 14 | 10.85 | 5.05 | 13 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Flory 1999 | 1999 | 47.50 | 9.40 | 37 | 51.40 | 10.10 | 112 | 50.50 | 10.80 | 76 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Hamer 1999 | 1999 | 13.44 | 7.07 | 108 | 13.75 | 7.30 | 336 | 12.25 | 7.48 | 190 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Katsuragi 1999 | 1999 | 17.53 | 5.77 | 66 | 13.42 | 6.29 | 31 | 17.00 | 2.94 | 4 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | |
| Kumakiri 1999 (NEO) | 1999 | 104.00 | 22.00 | 85 | 104.50 | 22.00 | 48 | 103.60 | 25.90 | 11 | NEO | Neuroticism | East Asian | Duplicate sample |
| Kumakiri 1999 (TPQ/TCI) | 1999 | 18.90 | 6.30 | 85 | 18.60 | 7.20 | 48 | 18.40 | 6.20 | 11 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | Duplicate sample |
| Benjamin 2000 | 2000 | 13.27 | 6.04 | 346 | Combined with s/s | 12.51 | 6.01 | 108 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |||
| Comings 2000 | 2000 | 48.61 | 11.89 | 23 | 48.63 | 11.97 | 39 | 47.03 | 11.34 | 19 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Du 2000 | 2000 | 41.98 | 10.32 | 40 | 39.93 | 8.49 | 86 | 40.42 | 9.24 | 60 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Greenberg 2000 | 2000 | 59.02 | 12.25 | 66 | 60.17 | 11.21 | 217 | 56.29 | 11.65 | 114 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Herbst 2000 | 2000 | 10.20 | 6.30 | 79 | 10.40 | 6.10 | 198 | 11.20 | 6.50 | 148 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Hu 2000 | 2000 | 57.67 | 11.46 | 135 | 58.55 | 11.95 | 390 | 54.65 | 11.73 | 234 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Lerman 2000 | 2000 | Data Not Available | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | Not included | ||||||||
| Osher 2000 (NEO) | 2000 | 91.50 | 25.60 | 39 | 92.80 | 23.80 | 70 | 92.30 | 24.30 | 35 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Osher 2000 (TPQ/TCI) | 2000 | 14.62 | 6.93 | 39 | 14.37 | 6.37 | 73 | 11.81 | 6.80 | 36 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Duplicate sample |
| Schmidt 2000 | 2000 | Data Not Available | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Not included | ||||||||
| Strobel 2000 | 2000 | 15.58 | 7.34 | 26 | 13.55 | 6.61 | 69 | 13.54 | 6.65 | 39 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Samochowiec 2001 | 2001 | 16.10 | 5.90 | 18 | 15.40 | 6.40 | 67 | 17.50 | 6.10 | 41 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Cohen 2002 | 2002 | Data Not Available | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Not included | ||||||||
| Tsai 2002 | 2002 | 14.90 | 6.40 | 100 | 15.00 | 7.50 | 71 | 14.70 | 7.10 | 21 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | |
| Brummett 2003 | 2003 | 39.80 | 9.20 | 13 | 40.20 | 8.80 | 51 | 44.80 | 9.00 | 35 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Control sample |
| Umekage 2003 | 2003 | 103.90 | 21.10 | 103 | 99.10 | 15.30 | 46 | 101.50 | 17.10 | 10 | NEO | Neuroticism | East Asian | |
| Ham 2004 | 2004 | 17.94 | 6.15 | 93 | 16.91 | 6.67 | 47 | 16.40 | 9.10 | 6 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | |
| Jacob 2004 (NEO) | 2004 | 95.89 | 31.49 | 40 | 94.18 | 25.65 | 140 | 98.18 | 23.17 | 101 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Jacob 2004 (TPQ/TCI) | 2004 | 14.80 | 6.97 | 40 | 15.54 | 6.50 | 140 | 15.07 | 6.38 | 101 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Duplicate sample |
| Lang 2004 | 2004 | 31.60 | 7.20 | 41 | 29.90 | 7.60 | 102 | 28.80 | 5.74 | 85 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Park 2004 | 2004 | Data Not Available | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | Not included | ||||||||
| Samochowiec 2004 (NEO) | 2004 | 5.00 | 2.34 | 56 | Combined with s/s | 5.11 | 20.60 | 44 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample | ||
| Samochowiec 2004 (TPQ/TCI) | 2004 | 14.18 | 4.93 | 56 | Combined with s/s | 15.23 | 5.67 | 44 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Duplicate sample | ||
| Sen 2004 | 2004 | 87.80 | 18.86 | 83 | 84.50 | 20.83 | 183 | 79.90 | 19.41 | 149 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Szekely 2004 | 2004 | 14.55 | 5.80 | 29 | 14.52 | 6.22 | 69 | 14.62 | 6.66 | 53 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Thierry 2004 | 2004 | Data Not Available | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Not included | ||||||||
| Bachner-Melman 2005 | 2005 | Data Not Available | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | Other | Not included | ||||||||
| Hariri 2005 | 2005 | 10.22 | 5.48 | 65 | Combined with s/s | 9.60 | 5.92 | 27 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |||
| Kim 2005 | 2005 | Data Not Available | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | Not included | ||||||||
| Kremer 2005 | 2005 | Data Not Available | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | Other | Not included | ||||||||
| Willis-Owen 2005 (singletons) | 2005 | 14.15 | 9.98 | 129 | 13.65 | 10.09 | 327 | 13.22 | 10.19 | 274 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | Selected sample |
| Willis-Owen 2005 (siblings) | 2005 | 12.39 | 9.03 | 97 | 13.98 | 8.74 | 254 | 11.90 | 9.27 | 177 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | Selected sample |
| Willis-Owen 2005 (EPIC) | 2005 | 4.73 | 4.38 | 755 | 4.74 | 3.84 | 2029 | 4.88 | 4.37 | 1391 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | Selected sample |
| Dragan 2006 | 2006 | 24.23 | 7.14 | 22 | 24.85 | 9.30 | 74 | 19.73 | 9.00 | 100 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Kim 2006a | 2006 | 16.15 | 6.58 | 128 | 17.82 | 8.18 | 81 | Combined with s/l | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | Not included | ||
| Lanzagorta 2006 | 2006 | 13.60 | 5.60 | 21 | 12.70 | 5.60 | 21 | 13.30 | 5.00 | 15 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Monteleone 2006 | 2006 | 95.50 | 13.20 | 33 | 90.50 | 11.50 | 39 | 91.00 | 9.60 | 22 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Control sample |
| Munafo 2006 | 2006 | 14.59 | 5.94 | 46 | 11.71 | 5.77 | 129 | 12.59 | 5.78 | 76 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | |
| Nilsson 2006 (females) | 2006 | 14.58 | 7.91 | 26 | 12.50 | 7.36 | 60 | 14.61 | 7.06 | 31 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Nilsson 2006 (males) | 2006 | 11.44 | 6.45 | 18 | 10.73 | 6.59 | 30 | 11.45 | 5.67 | 31 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |
| Joo 2007 | 2007 | 17.14 | 7.11 | 95 | 16.59 | 7.71 | 54 | 18.78 | 4.02 | 9 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | East Asian | |
| Middeldorp 2007 | 2007 | 32.62 | 10.13 | 203 | 32.30 | 10.05 | 283 | 32.64 | 10.77 | 86 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | |
| Schmitz 2007 (NEO) | 2007 | 2.96 | 0.82 | 143 | 2.89 | 0.75 | 196 | 2.75 | 0.68 | 71 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Schmitz 2007 (TPQ/TCI) | 2007 | 16.28 | 7.58 | 143 | 15.49 | 7.35 | 196 | 15.01 | 6.98 | 71 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Duplicate sample |
| Schmitz 2007 (EPQ) | 2007 | 13.49 | 5.99 | 143 | 12.55 | 5.81 | 196 | 11.23 | 5.53 | 71 | EPQ | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Stein 2007 | 2007 | 48.62 | 9.87 | 68 | 47.97 | 9.98 | 108 | 47.30 | 10.38 | 71 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | |
| Vormfelde 2007 (females) (NEO) | 2007 | 92.00 | 22.00 | 38 | 98.00 | 21.00 | 40 | 92.00 | 26.00 | 20 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Vormfelde 2007 (females) (TPQ/TCI) | 2007 | 14.50 | 5.80 | 38 | 14.90 | 5.90 | 40 | 15.10 | 5.50 | 20 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Duplicate sample |
| Vormfelde 2007 (males) (NEO) | 2007 | 91.00 | 21.00 | 31 | 80.00 | 23.00 | 50 | 81.00 | 26.00 | 16 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Duplicate sample |
| Vormfelde 2007 (males) (TPQ/TCI) | 2007 | 13.60 | 6.20 | 31 | 12.00 | 7.00 | 50 | 11.10 | 7.50 | 16 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | Duplicate sample |
| NFBC | 2007 | 13.99 | 6.18 | 2520 | Combined with s/s | 13.99 | 6.21 | 1352 | TPQ/TCI | Harm Avoidance | European | |||
| 5-HTTLPR | ||||||||||||||
| Author | Year | SS | SL | LL | Measure | Phenotype | Ancestry | Remarks | ||||||
| High | Low | % High | High | Low | % High | High | Low | % High | ||||||
| Ball 1997 | 1997 | 4 | 10 | 7.7 | 30 | 21 | 57.7 | 18 | 23 | 34.6 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Selected sample |
| Deary 1999 | 1999 | 24 | 19 | 23.5 | 44 | 57 | 44.1 | 32 | 28 | 32.4 | NEO | Neuroticism | European | Selected sample |