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Tetramer staining of antigen-specific CD8 T cells for flow cytometry analysis. (a) Fluorescently labelled major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I monomers bind CD8 T cells with high off rate. Binding is unstable and staining poor. (b) Fluorescently labelled MHC class I tetramers or other multimers bind CD8 T cells with low off rate. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells can be stained and studied using flow cytometry.
