Table 1.

Selected ABA synthesis/catabolism and response genes involved in moduling seed dormancy

Species	Gene/locus	Protein	Mutant/transgenic line	Effects on dormancy and ABA sensitivity	References
			Synthesis/Catabolism
Arabidopsis	ABA1	Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)	aba1	Reduced	173–175
	ABA2	Short-chain dehydrogenasereductase (AB-SDR)	aba2	Reduced	40, 41, 176
	ABA3	Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MCS)	aba3	Reduced	42, 173
	AtNCED6 AtNCED9	9-cis Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED)	Atnced6/Atnced9 double mutant	Reduced	31, 34
	AAO3	Aldehyde oxidase 3	Aao3-1	Slightly reduced	33
	CYP707A2	ABA 8′-hydroxylase	cyp707a2-1 cyp707a2-2	Enhanced	48
	CYP707A1	ABA 8′-hydroxylase	cyp707a1	Enhanced	52
	Zea mays	VP14	9-cis Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED)	vp14	Vivipary, Reduced	177
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	NpABA1	Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)	Npaba1	Reduced	111
	NpABA2		Npaba2	Reduced	16
Lycopersicum esculentum	NOT	9-cis Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED)	not	Reduced	178
			Response
Arabidopsis	ABI1	PP2CSer/Thr protein phosphatase	abi1-1	Reduced; ABA insensitive	179
	ABI2	PP2CSer/Thr protein phosphatase	abi2-1	Reduced; ABA insensitive	180
	ABI3	TF specific seeds, B3 domain	abi3	Reduced; ABA insensitive	98, 181
	ABI4	TF specific seeds, DREB subfamily A-3 of ERF/APETALA TF	abi4	Normal; ABA insensitive	173, 182
	ABI5	TF specific seeds, bZIP	abi5	Normal; ABA insensitive	183, 184
	ERA1	Farnesyl transferase	era1	Enhanced	179
	ERA3	Farnesyl transferase	era3	Enhanced	174
	AHG1	Putative protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C)	ahg1-1	Enhanced	126
	SAD1	Sm-like snRNP protein	sad1	Enhanced	177
	MARD1	Zinc-finger protein (TF?)	mard1	Reduced; ABA insensitive	185
Zea mays	VP1	TF specific seeds, B3 domain	vp1	Vivipary or reduced dormancy; ABA insensitive	186

TF, transcription factor.