Fig. 3.

The protection from cell death correlates with nuclear translocation of NF-κ B in F. tularensis-infected cells. (A) Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy images of apoptosis in CAPE treated cells 6h post-infection. Monolayers of hMDMs were either untreated or treated with 20 µg ml⁻¹ of CAPE 30 min prior to infection. Cells were infected with the wt strain of F. tularensis subsp. novicida or with the iglC mutant strain at a moi 10. The parental strain AA100 of L. pneumophila was used as control. At 1, 6 and 24 h after infection, cell death was determined by TUNEL. (B) Quantitative analysis of cell death detected by TUNEL after CAPE treatment. Approximately 100 macrophages were analysed by confocal microscopy from different coverslips. The asterisks represent statistically significant difference.