PBMC from an HCV-infected subject were stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 (10 μg/mL) or negative controls (95% EtOH or media) in the presence of MK001 (in 95% EtOH) or vehicle alone. Supernatants collected 24 hours after stimulation were tested by multiplex ELISA for the presence of TNF-α (A), IFN-γ (C), or IL-2 (E) as described. White bars indicate samples treated without MK001 but with vehicle, black bars indicated samples treated with MK001 in vehicle. Gray bars represent proliferation of PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3 alone. PBMC from additional HCV-infected and uninfected control subjects were tested similarly and the consistent effect of MK001 (20 μg/mL) on TNF-α (B), IFN-γ (D), and IL-2 (F) secretion is shown. Similar dose response results to those shown were found using PBMC from both an HCV-infected and an uninfected subject. Results from MK001-treated samples were statistically different from vehicle-treated samples (Wilcoxon matched pairs test, p=0.03 for each cytokine separately).