Table 3.
A list of virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis.
| Virulence facors | Reference |
|---|---|
| F (type 1) and P fimbrial adhesins | [137–140] |
| Curli | [141,142] |
| Factors contributing to adhesion, resistance to immunologic defense, survival in physiologic fluids, and cytotoxic effects | [143] |
| Factors conferring resistance to serum and phagocytosis | [138,140,144,145] |
| Aerobactin siderophores | [138,146] |
| hylE, a hemolysin gene | [147] |
| The tsh gene encoding temperature sensitive hemagglutinin | [141,148] |
| K1 Capsular antigen | [149] |
| Cytotoxins | [150–152] |
| Outer membrane proteins | [153] |
| Coligenicity | [151] |
| The heat-labile chick lethal toxin (CLT) | [154] |
| Verotoxin-2 like toxin | [152] |