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Indicators of Oxidative Stress during AF
| Indicator | Direction of change | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Nitrotyrosine | ↑ | heart | 17, 74 |
| Nox2 | ↑ | heart | 50 |
| Eh GSH | ↑ | blood | 77 |
| Eh CySH | ↑ | blood | 77 |
| DROMs | ↑ | blood | 77 |
| Superoxide | ↑ | heart | 20, 50 |
| Nitricoxide | ↓ | heart | 13 |
DROMS, derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites; Eh CySH, ratios of oxidized to reduced cysteine; Eh GSH, ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione; Nox2, NADPH oxidase type 2.
