Table 2. Clinical signs associated with osteoarticular infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
| Disease | Affected site | Mycobacterium spp. | Underlying diseases and risk factors (no. cases reported) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis, osteomyelitis | Thumb (interphalangeal joint) | M. malmoense | Rheumatoid arthritis (1) |
| Arthritis | Knee, ankle | M. xenopi | None* (6), invasive medical procedure (1) |
| Arthritis | Multiple joints: wrist, knee, finger, ankle, elbow, vertebrae, shoulder | M. kansasii | AIDS (13), rheumatoid arthritis (3), systemic lupus erythematous (2), renal transplant (2), polymyositis (1), progressive systemic sclerosis (1), myelodysplasia (1), none (26), localized trauma (10), steroid therapy (10) |
| Arthritis | Knee | M. kansasii | Prosthetic joint (1) |
| Synovitis (carpal tunnel syndrome) | Wrist | M. szulgai | No underlying disease, fish-tank cleaning (2) |
| Tenosynovitis | Hand | M. intracellulare | None* (1) |
| Tenosynovitis | Hand | M. chelonae | Penetrating injury (2), fracture (1), Immunosuppression (3) |
| Tenosynovitis | Hand, wrist | M. avium complex | Steroid injection (1), trauma (8), surgery (4) |
| Osteomyelitis | Sternum, foot, elbow | M. wolinsky | Cardiac surgery (1), stepped on nail (1), open fracture (1) |
| Osteomyelitis | Femur, tibia, calcaneus, toe, elbow, sternum | M. goodii | Open fracture (4), stepped on nail (1), surgery (2), penetrating trauma (2), puncture wound (1) |
| Osteomyelitis | Wrist | M. scrofulaceum | Diabetes (1) |
| Osteomyelitis | Hand, ankle, wrist | M. marinum | Fisherman exposed to aquarium (25), trauma (1), local or systemic steroids (20) |
| Osteomyelitis | M. ulcerans | Traumatic injury (213) | |
| Osteomyelitis | Vertebrae | M. avium complex, M. xenopi, M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, M. kansasii, M. simiae | Systemic lupus erythematous and treatment with steroids (7), AIDS (4), interferon receptor defect (3), carcinoma (1), renal failure (1), chronic granulomatous disease (1), none* (16) |
| Osteomyelitis | Vertebrae | M. xenopi | Vertebral disk surgery (58) |
| Osteomyelitis | Tibia | M. conceptionense | Fracture (1) |
| Osteomyelitis | Vertebrae | M. abscessus | Trauma to the back (1) |
| Osteomyelitis | Vertebrae | M. avium complex | Trauma to the back (1) |
| Osteomyelitis | Lower extremity, upper extremity, vertebrae, disseminated disease | M. hemophilum | AIDS (21), bone marrow or solid organ transplant (7); AIDS plus solid organ transplant (1), lymphoma (2), polycythemia vera (1) |
*Otherwise healthy with no underlying disease or risk factor.