Table 1.
The most popular cross-linker reagents for coupling protein to nanoparticle based on their respective functions
| Reactive groups | Eg of functional cross-linker | Functional groups on nanoparticles/proteins | Functional groups on proteins/nanoparticles |
|---|---|---|---|
| –NHS ester Maleimide or Iodoacetamides | SIAB, SMCC, SPDP, SPMB, MBS | –NH2 | –SH |
| Carbodiimide | EDC or EDAC + sulfo-NHS stabilizer | –COOH | –NH2 |
| –NHS ester | EGS, DSP, DSS, BS3 | –NH2 | –NH2 |
| Maleimide | BMME | –SH | –SH |
Abbreviations: SIAB, N-succinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate; SMCC, succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexana-1-carboxylate; MBS, m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccimide ester; SPDP, succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate; SPMB, succinimidyl (4-p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate; EDC, 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride; EGS, ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate); BS3, bis-(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate; BMME, bis(maleimido methyl) ether; DSS, disuccinimidyl suberate; DSP, dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate).