TABLE 2:

Clinical findings related to late congenital syphilis in children older than one year of age

System	Findings
Dental (vasculitis due to inflammation of developing tooth buds in late gestation)	Hutchinson’s teeth (small widely-spaced, peg-shaped, notched upper incisors with thin discoloured enamel Hypoplastic enamel Mulberry molars (many small cusps)
Ear	Sensorineural hearing loss due to osteochondritis of otic capsule and cochlear degeneration
Cutaneous	Rhagades (deep fissuring of mucocutaneous junctions in the nares, lips and anus)
Skeletal	Frontal bossing, square cranium (skull bone periostitis) Short maxilla, high palatal arch and saddle nose deformity (syphilitic nasal chondritis) Saber shins (anterior tibial bowing) Higoumenaki’s sign (sternoclavicular thickening) Clutton’s joints (painless, symmetric hydrarthrosis of the knees and elbows)
Neurological	Mental retardation, hydrocephalus, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, paresis
Ocular	Interstitial keratitis
Other organ involvement	Renal involvement: paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Hutchinson’s triad	Interstitial keratitis Hutchinson’s teeth Sensorineural hearing loss