Table 1.

Univariate analysis of risk factors for HSV-2 positivity among pregnant women

Variable	n	HSV-2 Positive	Prevalence Risk Ratio (PRR) (95% CI)	p value
Total	340	167(49.1%)
Age group
<20 yrs	65	25(38.5%)	Referent
20-24 yrs	135	55(40.7%)	1.1(0.7-1.5)	0.760
25-29 yrs	76	47(61.8%)	1.6(1.1-2.3)	0.009
30-34 yrs	47	33(70.2%)	1.8(1.3-2.6)	0.001
>34 yrs	17	7(41.2%)	1.1(0.6-2.0)	0.836
Marital Status*
Single	7	2(28.6%)	Referent
Married	330	163(49.4%)	1.7(0.5-5.6)	0.362
Polygamy
No	303	144(47.5%)	Referent
Yes	31	21(67.7%)	1.4(1.1-1.9)	0.010
Educational level
>Primary	279	131(47.0%)	Referent
≤Primary	61	36(59.0%)	1.3(1.0-1.6)	0.066
Age at sexual debut*
≥16	298	145(48.7%)	Referent
<16	38	20(52.6%)	1.1(0.8-1.5)	0.634
Other sexual partners past 12 months
No	329	157(47.7%)	Referent
Yes	8	7(87.5%)	1.8(1.4-2.4)	< 0.001
Ever used contraceptives*
No	136	51(37.5%)	Referent
Yes	203	116(57.1%)	1.5(1.2-2.0)	0.001
Ever used intravaginal herbs*
No	283	136(48.1%)	Referent
Yes	56	31(55.4%)	1.2(0.9-1.5)	0.295
Clinical genital ulcer*
No	282	131(46.5%)	Referent
Yes	8	6(75.0%)	1.6(1.1-2.5)	0.025
Clinical genital warts*
No	270	125(46.3%)	Referent
Yes	25	15(60.0%)	1.3(0.9-1.8)	0.141
Trichomonas vaginalis
Negative	296	134(45.3%)	Referent
Positive	38	30(79.0%)	1.7(1.4-2.1)	< 0.001
Yeasts*
Absent	204	102(50.0%)	Referent
Present	130	62(47.7%)	1.0(0.8-1.2)	0.682
HIV-1 serostatus at enrolment
Negative	256	92(35.9%)	Referent
Positive	84	75(89.3%)	2.5(2.1-3.0)	< 0.001

*denominator less than 340.